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The Al2O3 passivation layer is beneficial for mesoporous TiO2-based perovskite solar cells when it is deposited selectively on the compact TiO2 surface. Such a passivation layer suppressing surface recombination can be formed by thermal decomposition of the perovskite layer during post-annealing.
Michael Graetzel, Shaik Mohammed Zakeeruddin, Mingyang Wei, Likai Zheng