Miniature neurotransmission is required to maintain Drosophila synaptic structures during ageing

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Regulation of melanin-based pigmentation is complex, involving multiple genes. Because different genes can contribute to the same pigmentation phenotype, the genes identified in model organisms may not necessarily apply to wild species. In the barn owl (Ty ...

Over the past decade, research has shown that the primary motor cortex (M1), the brain's main output for movement, also responds to rewards. These reward signals may shape motor output in its final stages, influencing movement invigoration and motor learni ...

The study of brain disorders has long been central to both neurology and psychiatry, with these two disciplines evolving as distinct yet deeply interconnected fields. In fact, these specialties often share overlapping symptoms, neural pathways, and treatme ...

Human motor skill acquisition is improved by performance feedback, and coupling such feedback with extrinsic reward (such as money) can enhance skill learning. However, the neurophysiology underlying such behavioral effect is unclear. To bridge this gap, w ...

The lateral amygdala (LA) encodes fear memories by potentiating sensory inputs associated with threats and, in the process, recruits 10-30% of its neurons per fear memory engram. However, how the local network within the LA processes this information and w ...

The decline of motor ability is a hallmark feature of aging and is accompanied by degeneration of motor synaptic terminals. Consistent with this, Drosophila motor synapses undergo characteristic age -dependent structural fragmentation co -incident with dim ...

Information is transmitted between brain regions through the release of neurotransmitters from long-range projecting axons. Understanding how the activity of such long-range connections contributes to behavior requires efficient methods for reversibly mani ...

In computational neuroscience, multicompartment models are among the most biophysically realistic representations of single neurons. Constructing such models usually involves the use of the patch-clamp technique to record somatic voltage signals under diff ...

Animals, including humans, exhibit a remarkable variety of complex behaviours. How the nervous system controls all these behaviours ranging from simple, stereotyped movements to flexible, adaptive actions is a central questions of neuroscience. One of the ...

While humans are known to have several premotor cortical areas, secondary motor cortex (M2) is often considered to be the only higher -order motor area of the mouse brain and is thought to combine properties of various human premotor cortices. Here, we sho ...

The function of the neocortex is fundamentally determined by its repeating microcircuit motif, but also by its rich, hierarchical, interregional structure with a highly specific laminar architecture. The last decade has seen the emergence of extensive new ...

Digital brain atlases define a hierarchy of brain regions and their locations in three-dimensional space. They provide a standard coordinate system in which diverse datasets can be integrated for visualization and analysis. They also enable building of dat ...

Subcortical brain structures such as the basal ganglia or the thalamus are involved in regulating motor and cognitive behavior. However, their contribution to perceptual consciousness is still unclear, due to the inherent difficulties of recording subcorti ...

Neuroprostheses have been used clinically for decades, to help restore or preserve brain functions, when pharmaceutical treatments are inefficient. Although great progress in the field has been made over the years to interface with the nervous system, surf ...

Background :Sensory reafferents are crucial to correct our posture and movements, both reflexively and in a cognitively driven manner. They are also integral to developing and maintaining a sense of agency for our actions. In cases of compromised reafferen ...

Reinforcement feedback can improve motor learning, but the underlying brain mechanisms remain underexplored. In particular, the causal contribution of specific patterns of oscillatory activity within the human striatum is unknown. To address this question, ...

Spinal cord injury (SCI) interrupts axonal connections between the brain and the spinal cord, and is characterized by a spectrum of sensorimotor and autonomic impairments. While spontaneous recovery is limited, recent studies have shown that functional imp ...

Information derived from experiences is incorporated into the brain as changes to ensembles of cells, termed engram cells, which allow memory storage and recall. The mechanism by which those changes hold specific information is unclear. Here, we test the h ...

Aversively-motivated associative learning allows animals to avoid harm and thus ensures survival. Aversive learning can be studied by the fear learning paradigm, in which an innocuous sensory stimulus like a tone (conditioned stimulus, CS), acquires a nega ...

Synaptic plasticity underlies our ability to learn and adapt to the constantly changing environment. The phenomenon of synapses changing their efficacy in an activity-dependent manner is often studied in small groups of neurons in vitro or indirectly throu ...

Miniature neurotransmission is required to maintain Drosophila synaptic structures during ageing

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Melanin and Neurotransmitter Signalling Genes Are Differentially Co-Expressed in Growing Feathers of White and Rufous Barn Owls

Reward signals in the motor cortex: from biology to neurotechnology

The Interdisciplinary Synergy Between Neurology and Psychiatry: Advancing Brain Health

Effect of Extrinsic Reward on Motor Plasticity during Skill Learning

Fear learning induces synaptic potentiation between engram neurons in the rat lateral amygdala

Trio preserves motor synapses and prolongs motor ability during aging

A bistable inhibitory optoGPCR for multiplexed optogenetic control of neural circuits

A multi-modal fitting approach to construct single-neuron models with patch clamp and high-density microelectrode arrays

Uncovering interactions between Descending Neurons as a functional principle of behavioural control

The mouse motor system contains multiple premotor areas and partially follows human

Modeling and Simulation of Neocortical Micro- and Mesocircuitry. Part I: Anatomy

Enhancement of brain atlases with region-specific coordinate systems: flatmaps and barrel column annotations

Subcortical correlates of consciousness with human single neuron recordings

Unraveling behavior and cortical signals to guide the development of soft neuroprostheses for auditory restoration and spreading depolarization

Augmenting locomotor perception by remapping tactile foot sensation to the back

Non-invasive stimulation of the human striatum disrupts reinforcement learning of motor skills

Targeted regeneration of spinal cord neurons across a complete injury restores walking

Engram cell connectivity as a mechanism for information encoding and memory function

Plasticity of sensory representations in the posterior insular cortex during fear learning

Principles of Network Plasticity in Neocortical Microcircuits