Regulation of cytokine secretion by immunometabolites

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Background The toxin α-amanitin from Amanita phalloides induces hepatocyte death and disrupts local and systemic immune responses, key drivers of acute liver failure (ALF). Although TNF-α plays a central role in ALF, TNF-α-targeted therapies alone have sho ...

Individuals differ widely in their immune responses, with age, sex and genetic factors having major roles in this inherent variability1–6. However, the variables that drive such differences in cytokine secretion—a crucial component of the host response to ...

Tumorigenesis embodies the formation of a heterotypic tumour microenvironment (TME) that, among its many functions, enables the evasion of T cell-mediated immune responses. Remarkably, most TME cell types, including cancer cells, fibroblasts, myeloid cells ...

Genomic instability enhances cancer progression by favoring clonal diversity, yet uncontrolled replicative stress can lead to mitotic catastrophe and inflammatory responses promoting immune rejection. KRAB-containing zinc finger proteins (KZFPs) are epigen ...

CD4+T cells orchestrate the adaptive immune response against pathogens and cancer by recognizing epitopes presented on class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC-II) molecules. The high polymorphism of MHC-II genes represents an important hurdle toward ...

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are host-encoded antibiotics that combat invading pathogens. These genes commonly encode multiple products as post-translationally cleaved polypeptides. Recent studies have highlighted roles for AMPs in neurological contexts s ...

Viruses rely on the reprogramming of cellular processes to enable efficient viral replication; this often requires subcompartmentalization within the host cell. Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) has emerged as a fundamental principle to organize and su ...

Mitohormesis defines the increase in fitness mediated by adaptive responses to mild mitochondrial stress. Tetracyclines inhibit not only bacterial but also mitochondrial translation, thus imposing a low level of mitochondrial stress on eukaryotic cells. We ...

Recent advances in the field of nanomaterials demonstrated how their use for vaccination can drastically improve immune responses, mainly by enhancing delivery and uptake of vaccine components. However, our understanding of the connections between presenta ...

Contemporary genomic approaches allow us to seek answers to biological questions that were previously out of reach. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous genetic polymorphisms associated with human diseases, providing new insight ...

T cell activation markers (TAM) expressed by antigen-specific T cells constitute promising candidates to attest the presence of an active infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Reciprocally, their modulation may be used to assess antibiotic treatme ...

Many human cancers manifest the capability to circumvent attack by the adaptive immune system. In this work, we identified a component of immune evasion that involves frequent up-regulation of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) in solid tumors. FM ...

Glycosylation patterns in monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can vary significantly between different host cell types, and these differences may affect mAbs safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity. Recent studies have demonstrated that glycan isomers with the termi ...

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Vibrio cholerae isolates responsible for cholera pandemics represent only a small portion of the diverse strains belonging to this species. Indeed, most V. cholerae are encountered in aquatic environments. To better understand the emergence of pandemic lin ...

Identifying the drivers of the observed interindividual variability of the human immune system is crucial to our understanding of infectious and immune-mediated diseases. The contribution of genetic and non-genetic factors to immunological differences betw ...

Malignant gliomas represent 80% of tumors developing in the central nervous system, with 50% being glioblastomas (GBM), the most aggressive form of the disease. The benefit from current therapies is very limited, the overall 5-year survival rate of patient ...

Treatment of patients bearing human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers with synthetic long-peptide (SLP) therapeutic vaccines has shown promising results in clinical trials against premalignant lesions, whereas responses against later stage carcinomas ha ...

Cytokine signaling is responsible for coordinating conserved epithelial regeneration and immune responses in the digestive tract. In the Drosophila midgut, Upd3 is a major cytokine, which is induced in enterocytes (EC) and enteroblasts (EB) upon oral infec ...

Outcomes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and treatment depend on viral and host genetic factors. Here we use human genome-wide genotyping arrays and new whole-genome HCV viral sequencing technologies to perform a systematic genome-to-genome study of 5 ...

Regulation of cytokine secretion by immunometabolites

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Dual therapy for amanita phalloides-induced acute liver failure in mice: A combination of etanercept and alpha-1 antitrypsin

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Aberrant hyperexpression of the RNA binding protein FMRP in tumors mediates immune evasion

A new approach for identifying positional isomers of glycans cleaved from monoclonal antibodies

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Hippo, TGF-beta, and Src-MAPK pathways regulate transcription of the upd3 cytokine in Drosophila enterocytes upon bacterial infection

Genome-to-genome analysis highlights the effect of the human innate and adaptive immune systems on the hepatitis C virus