Publications by Wulfram Gerstner

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Surprise is a widely used concept describing a range of phenomena from unexpected events to behavioral responses. We propose a measure of surprise, to arrive at a new framework for surprise-driven learning. There are two components to this framework: (i) a confidence-adjusted surprise measure to capture environmental statistics as well as subjective beliefs, (ii) a surprise-minimization learning rule, or SMiLe-rule, which dynamically adjusts the balance between new and old information without making prior a

Reduced models of neuronal activity such as Integrate-and-Fire models allow a description of neuronal dynamics in simple, intuitive terms and are easy to simulate numerically. We present a method to fit an Integrate-and-Fire-type model of neuronal activity, namely a modified version of the Spike Response Model, to a detailed Hodgkin-Huxley-type neuron model driven by stochastic spike arrival. In the Hogkin-Huxley model, spike arrival at the synapse is modeled by a change of synaptic conductance. For such co

In humans and animals, surprise is a physiological reaction to an unexpected event, but how surprise can be linked to plausible models of neuronal activity is an open problem. We propose a self-supervised spiking neural network model where a surprise signa ...

We consider the problem of neural association, which deals with the retrieval of a previously memorized pattern from its noisy version. The performance of various neural networks developed for this task may be judged in terms of their pattern retrieval cap ...

An adaptive Exponential Integrate-and-Fire (aEIF) model was used to predict the activity of layer-V-pyramidal neurons of rat neocortex under random current injection. A new protocol has been developed to extract the parameters of the aEIF model using an op ...

We derive an optimal learning rule in the sense of mutual information maximization for a spiking neuron model. Under the assumption of small fluctuations of the input, we find a spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) function which depends on the time co ...

Spike-frequency adaptation is known to enhance the transmission of information in sensory spiking neurons by rescaling the dynamic range for input processing, matching it to the temporal statistics of the sensory stimulus. Achieving maximal information tra ...

Developing energy-saving neural network models is a topic of rapidly increasing interest in the artificial intelligence community. Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are biologically inspired models that strive to leverage the energy efficiency stemming from a ...

The simplification of neural network models is described. For example, a method for simplifying a neural network model includes providing the neural network model to be simplified, defining a first temporal filter for the conveyance of input from a neuron ...

A complete single-neuron model must correctly reproduce the firing of spikes and bursts. We present a study of a simplified model of deep pyramidal cells of the cortex with active dendrites. We hypothesized that we can model the soma and its apical dendrit ...

In a typical experiment on decision making, one out of two possible stimuli is displayed and observers decide which one was presented. Recently, Stanford and colleagues (2010) introduced a new variant of this classical one-stimulus presentation paradigm to ...

How the 'what', 'where', and 'when' of past experiences are stored in episodic memories and retrieved for suitable decisions remains unclear. In an effort to address these questions, the authors present computational models of neural networks that behave l ...

Synaptic plasticity, a key process for memory formation, manifests itself across different time scales ranging from a few seconds for plasticity induction up to hours or even years for consolidation and memory retention. We developed a three-layered model ...

A computer-implemented method includes executing a spiking neural network (SNN) to perform an SNN task. The SNN includes accuracy-latency balance (ALB) characteristics that enable the SNN to perform the SNN task in a manner that achieves a predetermined ALB of an output generated by the SNN.

The spike-triggered average voltage (STV) is an experimentally measurable quantity that is determined by both the membrane response properties and the statistics of the synaptic drive. Here, the form of the STV is modelled for neurons with three distinct t ...

Visual backward masking is a versatile tool for understanding principles and limitations of visual information processing in the human brain. However, the mechanisms underlying masking are still poorly understood. In the current contribution, the authors s ...

A complete model for single neurons must reproduce correctly the firing of spikes and bursts. Yet it must remain simple enough to be tractable in large-scale simulations. We present a study of a simplified model of Layer V pyramidal cells of the cortex wit ...

We summarize here the results presented and subsequent discussion from the meeting on Integrating Hebbian and Homeostatic Plasticity at the Royal Society in April 2016. We first outline the major themes and results presented at the meeting. We next provide ...

Wulfram Gerstner

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Balancing New Against Old Information: The Role of Surprise

A biologically plausible 3-factor learning rule for expectation maximization in reinforcement learning and decision making

Predicting spike times of a detailed conductance- based neuron model driven by stochastic spike arrival

Fast adaptation to rule switching using neuronal surprise

Neural Pre-coding Increases the Pattern Retrieval Capacity of Hopﬁeld and Bidirectional Associative Memories

Predicting neuronal activity with simple models of the threshold type: Adaptive Exponential Integrate-and-Fire model with two compartments

Spike-timing Dependent Plasticity and Mutual Information Maximization for a Spiking Neuron Model

STDP in adaptive neurons gives close-to-optimal information transmission

Approximating Relu Networks By Single-Spike Computation

Simplification of spiking neural network models

Spike-timing prediction in cortical neurons with active dendrites

The Silent Period of Evidence Integration in Fast Decision Making

Computational models of episodic-like memory in food-caching birds

Synaptic consolidation: from synapses to behavioral modeling

An exact mapping from ReLU networks to spiking neural networks' [Neural Networks(vol168, pg 74, 2023)

Neural network having accuracy-latency balance

Dependence of the spike-triggered average voltage on membrane response properties

Modeling spatial and temporal aspects of visual backward masking

Spike-timing prediction in a neuron model with active dendrites

Integrating Hebbian and homeostatic plasticity: the current state of the field and future research directions