Lecture

X-ray Tomography: Principles and Applications

Graph Chat

Chat with Graph Search

Ask any question about EPFL courses, lectures, exercises, research, news, etc. or try the example questions below.

DISCLAIMER: The Graph Chatbot is not programmed to provide explicit or categorical answers to your questions. Rather, it transforms your questions into API requests that are distributed across the various IT services officially administered by EPFL. Its purpose is solely to collect and recommend relevant references to content that you can explore to help you answer your questions.

In course

CIVIL-510: Quantitative imaging for engineers

First 2 courses are Tuesday 16-19h!This course will arm students with knowledge of different imaging techniques for practical measurements in many different fields of civil engineering. Modalities will range from satellite and drone imaging all the way dow ...

Description

This lecture covers the fundamental principles of x-ray tomography, including the generation of x-rays, their interaction with matter, and the detection methods. It explores the process of making x-rays, measuring x-ray radiation, and the use of scintillation for detection. The Beer Lambert law and x-ray transmission through samples are discussed, along with the practical aspects of x-ray detection devices. The lecture also delves into the history of x-ray discovery and the upcoming direct x-ray detectors. Various setups for x-ray detection and the integral of an attenuation field are presented, along with practical examples to illustrate the concepts.

Official source

Ontological neighbourhood

Chemistry

Physical chemistry: Spectroscopy

Health sciences

Radiology: Topics in radiology

Related concepts (32)

X-ray generator

An X-ray generator is a device that produces X-rays. Together with an X-ray detector, it is commonly used in a variety of applications including medicine, X-ray fluorescence, electronic assembly inspection, and measurement of material thickness in manufacturing operations. In medical applications, X-ray generators are used by radiographers to acquire x-ray images of the internal structures (e.g., bones) of living organisms, and also in sterilization. An X-ray generator generally contains an X-ray tube to produce the X-rays.

X-ray tube

An X-ray tube is a vacuum tube that converts electrical input power into X-rays. The availability of this controllable source of X-rays created the field of radiography, the imaging of partly opaque objects with penetrating radiation. In contrast to other sources of ionizing radiation, X-rays are only produced as long as the X-ray tube is energized. X-ray tubes are also used in CT scanners, airport luggage scanners, X-ray crystallography, material and structure analysis, and for industrial inspection.

X-ray detector

X-ray detectors are devices used to measure the flux, spatial distribution, spectrum, and/or other properties of X-rays. Detectors can be divided into two major categories: imaging detectors (such as photographic plates and X-ray film (photographic film), now mostly replaced by various digitizing devices like s or flat panel detectors) and dose measurement devices (such as ionization chambers, Geiger counters, and dosimeters used to measure the local radiation exposure, dose, and/or dose rate, for example, for verifying that radiation protection equipment and procedures are effective on an ongoing basis).

X-ray

X-ray radiation, or, much less commonly, X-radiation, is a penetrating form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation. Most X-rays have a wavelength ranging from 10 nanometers to 10 picometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz (3e16Hz to 3e19Hz) and energies in the range 124 keV to 145 eV, respectively. X-ray wavelengths are shorter than those of UV rays and typically longer than those of gamma rays.

X-ray spectroscopy

X-ray spectroscopy is a general term for several spectroscopic techniques for characterization of materials by using x-ray radiation. When an electron from the inner shell of an atom is excited by the energy of a photon, it moves to a higher energy level. When it returns to the low energy level, the energy which it previously gained by the excitation is emitted as a photon which has a wavelength that is characteristic for the element (there could be several characteristic wavelengths per element).

Related lectures (44)

2024 Lecture 3 PHYS-467

Enhancing and Shaping Radiation from High-Energy Particles with Nanophotonics

Delves into enhancing and tailoring radiation from high-energy particles using nanophotonic structures.

Large-area sensors: Devices and Applications

Explores the principles and applications of large-area sensors, including flat panel imagers and X-ray imaging.

X-ray Tomography Practical: Introduction

Covers practical aspects of X-ray tomography, including photon interaction and sample intensity measurement.