Lecture

DNA and RNA Structure

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In course

CH-210: Biochemistry

Les constituants biochimiques de l'organisme, protéines, glucides, lipides, à la lumière de l'évolution des concepts et des progrès en biologie moléculaire et génétique, sont étudiés. ...

Description

This lecture covers the structure of DNA and RNA, including the sugar-phosphate backbone, nucleotides, bases, and the discovery of DNA by Watson and Crick. It explains the genetic code, DNA replication, and the differences between DNA and RNA.

Instructor

Christian Heinis

Teaching & PhD PhD Students Thomas Julien Denis Emel, Alessandro Scapozza, Nathan Moïse De Sadeleer, Florian Handel, Hugo André Clerc, Frédéric Brantschen, Grégoire Menoud, Ines Michrafy, Jonathan Schmitt, Laura Elena Massaad Past EPFL PhD Students Jeremy Touati, Shiyu Chen, Sophie Venet-Bonnot, Lisa Pollaro, Inmaculada Rentero Rebollo, Philippe Diderich, Charlotte Urech-Varenne, Silvia Bellotto, Davide Bertoldo, Alessandro Zorzi, Camille Villequey, Jonas Alfred Karl Wilbs, Grigory Karateev, Vanessa Carle

Official source

Related concepts (32)

RNA

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule that is essential for most biological functions, either by performing the function itself (Non-coding RNA) or by forming a template for production of proteins (messenger RNA). RNA and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are nucleic acids. The nucleic acids constitute one of the four major macromolecules essential for all known forms of life. RNA is assembled as a chain of nucleotides.

Nucleic acid

Nucleic acids are biopolymers, macromolecules, essential to all known forms of life. They are composed of nucleotides, which are the monomer components: a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base. The two main classes of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). If the sugar is ribose, the polymer is RNA; if the sugar is deoxyribose, a version of ribose, the polymer is DNA. Nucleic acids are chemical compounds that are found in nature.

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid (diːˈɒksᵻˌraɪboʊnjuːˌkliːᵻk,_-ˌkleɪ-; DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix. The polymer carries genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction of all known organisms and many viruses. DNA and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are nucleic acids. Alongside proteins, lipids and complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides), nucleic acids are one of the four major types of macromolecules that are essential for all known forms of life.

Genetic code

The genetic code is the set of rules used by living cells to translate information encoded within genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences of nucleotide triplets, or codons) into proteins. Translation is accomplished by the ribosome, which links proteinogenic amino acids in an order specified by messenger RNA (mRNA), using transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules to carry amino acids and to read the mRNA three nucleotides at a time. The genetic code is highly similar among all organisms and can be expressed in a simple table with 64 entries.

Genetic testing

Genetic testing, also known as DNA testing, is used to identify changes in DNA sequence or chromosome structure. Genetic testing can also include measuring the results of genetic changes, such as RNA analysis as an output of gene expression, or through biochemical analysis to measure specific protein output. In a medical setting, genetic testing can be used to diagnose or rule out suspected genetic disorders, predict risks for specific conditions, or gain information that can be used to customize medical treatments based on an individual's genetic makeup.

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Related concepts (32)