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Lecture

DNA and RNA Structure

In course

CH-210: Biochemistry

Les constituants biochimiques de l'organisme, protéines, glucides, lipides, à la lumière de l'évolution des concepts et des progrès en biologie moléculaire et génétique, sont étudiés. ...

Description

This lecture covers the structure of DNA and RNA, including the sugar-phosphate backbone, nucleotides, bases, and the discovery of DNA by Watson and Crick. It explains the genetic code, DNA replication, and the differences between DNA and RNA.

Instructor

Christian Heinis

Official source

Related concepts (32)

RNA

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule that is essential for most biological functions, either by performing the function itself (Non-coding RNA) or by forming a template for production of proteins (messenger RNA). RNA and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are nucleic acids. The nucleic acids constitute one of the four major macromolecules essential for all known forms of life. RNA is assembled as a chain of nucleotides.

Nucleic acid double helix

In molecular biology, the term double helix refers to the structure formed by double-stranded molecules of nucleic acids such as DNA. The double helical structure of a nucleic acid complex arises as a consequence of its secondary structure, and is a fundamental component in determining its tertiary structure. The term entered popular culture with the publication in 1968 of The Double Helix: A Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA by James Watson.

Genetic code

The genetic code is the set of rules used by living cells to translate information encoded within genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences of nucleotide triplets, or codons) into proteins. Translation is accomplished by the ribosome, which links proteinogenic amino acids in an order specified by messenger RNA (mRNA), using transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules to carry amino acids and to read the mRNA three nucleotides at a time. The genetic code is highly similar among all organisms and can be expressed in a simple table with 64 entries.

Messenger RNA

In molecular biology, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is a single-stranded molecule of RNA that corresponds to the genetic sequence of a gene, and is read by a ribosome in the process of synthesizing a protein. mRNA is created during the process of transcription, where an enzyme (RNA polymerase) converts the gene into primary transcript mRNA (also known as pre-mRNA). This pre-mRNA usually still contains introns, regions that will not go on to code for the final amino acid sequence.

Nucleic acid

Nucleic acids are biopolymers, macromolecules, essential to all known forms of life. They are composed of nucleotides, which are the monomer components: a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base. The two main classes of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). If the sugar is ribose, the polymer is RNA; if the sugar is deoxyribose, a version of ribose, the polymer is DNA. Nucleic acids are chemical compounds that are found in nature.

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DNA and RNA Structure

Explores the composition and structure of DNA and RNA, including DNA replication and the genetic code.

Nucleic Acids: Structure and Function

Explores the structure and function of nucleic acids, focusing on DNA and RNA, including base pairing rules and the double helix structure.

Nucleotides: Structure and Function

Covers the structure of nucleotides, DNA, RNA, base pairing, and protein synthesis.

ATP Synthase: Structure and Function

Explores the structure and function of ATP synthase in mitochondrial ATP production and delves into glucose metabolism and nucleotide structure.

Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids

Explains the molecular structure of nucleic acids, covering nucleotides, pentose sugars, base composition, polymerization, and 3D helix formation.

Related concepts (32)

RNA

Nucleic acid double helix

Genetic code

Messenger RNA

Nucleic acid