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Lecture

Gas-Particle Partitioning of Inorganic Compounds

In course

ENV-400: Air pollution and climate change

A survey course describing the origins of air pollution and climate change ...

Description

This lecture discusses the mechanisms of gas/particle partitioning of inorganic compounds, including reactions forming condensible products. It covers examples of reactions among inorganic compounds and their condensible products, such as NH3(g) + HCl(g) = NH4Cl(s). The lecture also explores the framework of gas/particle partitioning of organic compounds, oxidation of reactive organic gases forming condensible products, and the formation of secondary organic particulate matter. It delves into the concepts of aerosol water content, photochemical production of OH, and nitrate aerosols. The lecture further examines the dynamics of mass transfer in aqueous and gas phases, conditions for phase equilibria, chemical potential as a driving force, excess Gibbs free energy, and activity coefficients in electrolyte solutions.

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Instructors (2)

Julia Schmale

Satoshi Takahama

Curriculum Vitae (pdf)

Official source

Ontological neighbourhood

Physics

Thermodynamics: Statistical mechanics

Related concepts (32)

Gibbs free energy

In thermodynamics, the Gibbs free energy (or Gibbs energy as the recommended name; symbol ) is a thermodynamic potential that can be used to calculate the maximum amount of work, other than pressure-volume work, that may be performed by a thermodynamically closed system at constant temperature and pressure. It also provides a necessary condition for processes such as chemical reactions that may occur under these conditions. The Gibbs free energy is expressed as where p is pressure, T is the temperature, U is the internal energy, V is volume, H is the enthalpy, and S is the entropy.

Gas

Gas is one of the four fundamental states of matter. The others are solid, liquid, and plasma. A pure gas may be made up of individual atoms (e.g. a noble gas like neon), elemental molecules made from one type of atom (e.g. oxygen), or compound molecules made from a variety of atoms (e.g. carbon dioxide). A gas mixture, such as air, contains a variety of pure gases. What distinguishes a gas from liquids and solids is the vast separation of the individual gas particles.

Chemical potential

In thermodynamics, the chemical potential of a species is the energy that can be absorbed or released due to a change of the particle number of the given species, e.g. in a chemical reaction or phase transition. The chemical potential of a species in a mixture is defined as the rate of change of free energy of a thermodynamic system with respect to the change in the number of atoms or molecules of the species that are added to the system.

Thermodynamic free energy

In thermodynamics, the thermodynamic free energy is one of the state functions of a thermodynamic system (the others being internal energy, enthalpy, entropy, etc.). The change in the free energy is the maximum amount of work that the system can perform in a process at constant temperature, and its sign indicates whether the process is thermodynamically favorable or forbidden. Since free energy usually contains potential energy, it is not absolute but depends on the choice of a zero point.

Ideal gas

An ideal gas is a theoretical gas composed of many randomly moving point particles that are not subject to interparticle interactions. The ideal gas concept is useful because it obeys the ideal gas law, a simplified equation of state, and is amenable to analysis under statistical mechanics. The requirement of zero interaction can often be relaxed if, for example, the interaction is perfectly elastic or regarded as point-like collisions.

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Related concepts (32)

Gibbs free energy

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Chemical potential

Thermodynamic free energy

Ideal gas