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This lecture discusses the challenges faced in implementing public transport projects in Africa, emphasizing the importance of three key conditions for project success: the presence of a transport organizing authority, public funding availability, and long-term mobility development vision. The instructor provides examples of successful and struggling projects in Africa, highlighting the complexities of institutional arrangements and the need for strategic planning. The lecture also explores the potential for improvement through political will, financial support, and urban planning. Additionally, it addresses the role of digital tools in smart city development, the importance of citizen participation in project identification, and the evaluation of project impacts over time.