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Lecture

Metabolism: Energy and Cellular Compounds

In course

ENV-103: Biology

This course will cover the fundamental principles governing life and the living world. Topics will include the diversity of living organisms, cellular biology, genetics, evolution, and ecology. This course provides a foundation in biology, fostering critic ...

Description

This lecture covers the two main processes of metabolism: catabolism and anabolism, which respectively involve the degradation and synthesis of cellular compounds. It delves into the energy balance associated with hydrolysis reactions, the citric acid cycle, aerobic and anaerobic respiration, and the production of ATP. The instructor explains the glycolysis pathway, the oxidation of pyruvate, and the diverse pathways for catabolizing proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. Additionally, the lecture explores the electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation, and the role of ATP synthase in generating ATP through chemiosmosis.

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Instructors (4)

Pierre Rossi

Anna Carratala Ripolles

During my PhD, I mainly focused on characterizing the effect of environmental factors (namely temperature and sunlight) and disinfectants on the stability of human viral pathogens as contaminants of aquatic environments. In addition,I developed a novel source tracking tool to identify avian fecal contamination in environmental samples. Thanks to a research fellowship given by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology, I also had the opportunity to explore the diversity of marine viruses in Mediterranean coastal waters by genetic fingerprinting and by next generation sequencing. Later on, I became interested in the long-term effect of environmental stressors on virus communities, so I joined the LCE as a postdoc to investigate the adaptation of enteroviruses to ultraviolet radiation. For 4 years, I worked on developing UV-resistant viruses and characterizing their acquired phenotypic and genetic properties by combining directed evolution experiments, deep sequencing and population genetics. Out of the lab, I am passionate about nature, traveling and scuba diving.

Julien Maillard

2011 - present: Research associate at the Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology (LBE, IIE-ENAC, EPFL) 2007 - 2010: Postdoctoral Fellow at the Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology (LBE, IIE-ENAC, EPFL) 2005 - 2006: Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of East Anglia (UEA, Norwich, UK) 2000 - 2004: PhD thesis at the Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology (LBE) 1995 - 2000: B.sc & M.sc at the Swiss Federal Institute for Technology, Zurich (ETHZ)

Ianina Altshuler

Official source

Ontological neighbourhood

Biology

Cell biology: Cell metabolism

Related concepts (32)

Oxidative phosphorylation

Oxidative phosphorylation (UK ɒkˈsɪd.ə.tɪv, US ˈɑːk.sɪˌdeɪ.tɪv ) or electron transport-linked phosphorylation or terminal oxidation is the metabolic pathway in which cells use enzymes to oxidize nutrients, thereby releasing chemical energy in order to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In eukaryotes, this takes place inside mitochondria. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is so pervasive because it releases more energy than alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.

Fatty acid metabolism

Fatty acid metabolism consists of various metabolic processes involving or closely related to fatty acids, a family of molecules classified within the lipid macronutrient category. These processes can mainly be divided into (1) catabolic processes that generate energy and (2) anabolic processes where they serve as building blocks for other compounds. In catabolism, fatty acids are metabolized to produce energy, mainly in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

Electron transport chain

An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of protein complexes and other molecules that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions (both reduction and oxidation occurring simultaneously) and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. The electrons that are transferred from NADH and FADH2 to the ETC involves four multi-subunit large enzymes complexes and two mobile electron carriers.

Catabolism

Catabolism (kəˈtæbəlɪzəm) is the set of metabolic pathways that breaks down molecules into smaller units that are either oxidized to release energy or used in other anabolic reactions. Catabolism breaks down large molecules (such as polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins) into smaller units (such as monosaccharides, fatty acids, nucleotides, and amino acids, respectively). Catabolism is the breaking-down aspect of metabolism, whereas anabolism is the building-up aspect.

Anaerobic respiration

Anaerobic respiration is respiration using electron acceptors other than molecular oxygen (O2). Although oxygen is not the final electron acceptor, the process still uses a respiratory electron transport chain. In aerobic organisms undergoing respiration, electrons are shuttled to an electron transport chain, and the final electron acceptor is oxygen. Molecular oxygen is an excellent electron acceptor. Anaerobes instead use less-oxidizing substances such as nitrate (NO3-), fumarate (C4H2O42-), sulfate (SO42-), or elemental sulfur (S).

Related lectures (30)

Citric Acid Cycle: Overview

Provides an in-depth exploration of the citric acid cycle, focusing on Acetyl-CoA production, oxidation, and regulation, as well as the process of fatty acid oxidation and transport.

Metabolic Diversity: Fermentation and Energy Production

Explores metabolic diversity in microorganisms, emphasizing fermentation pathways and energy production.

Microbial metabolism: Energy Generation and Biomass Production

Explores microbial metabolism, focusing on energy generation, biomass production, redox reactions, and electron carriers.

Citric Acid Cycle: Energy Generation and Electron Transfer

Explores the Citric Acid Cycle, energy production, electron transfer, and metabolic pathways.

Cellular Respiration: Energy Production and ATP Synthesis