Explores the photon concept in electromagnetic waves, including energy, momentum, emission by charges, coherence length, and the electromagnetic spectrum.
Introduces the basics of wave propagation, covering longitudinal and transverse waves, superposition, reflection, d'Alembert equation, Fourier decomposition, and wave surfaces.
Explores the development of biological models with integrated monitoring, focusing on cell membranes, conducting polymer scaffolds, and bioelectronic devices.