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Concept

Insulin resistance

Related publications (31)

Targeting Mitochondrial Calcium Uptake with the Natural Flavonol Kaempferol, to Promote Metabolism/Secretion Coupling in Pancreatic beta-cells

Guillaume Jacot

Pancreatic beta-cells secrete insulin to lower blood glucose, following a meal. Maintenance of beta-cell function is essential to preventing type 2 diabetes. In pancreatic beta-cells, mitochondrial matrix calcium is an activating signal for insulin secreti ...

2020

In pancreatic islets from type 2 diabetes patients, the dampened circadian oscillators lead to reduced insulin and glucagon exocytosis

Daniel Sage

Circadian clocks operative in pancreatic islets participate in the regulation of insulin secretion in humans and, if compromised, in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in rodents. Here we demonstrate that human islet alpha- and beta-cells that bear a ...

National Academy of Sciences2020

Asperuloside Improves Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes through Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Signaling

Johan Auwerx, Giorgia Benegiamo

Asperuloside (ASP) is an iridoid glycoside that is extracted from Eucommia leaves. Eucommia is used in traditional Chinese medicine and has a long history of benefits on health and longevity. Here, we investigated the impact of ASP on obesity-related metab ...

2020

Skeletal muscle enhancer interactions identify genes controlling whole-body metabolism

Johan Auwerx, Martin Rainer Wohlwend

Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are metabolic disorders influenced by lifestyle and genetic factors that are characterized by insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, a prominent site of glucose disposal. Numerous genetic variants have been associated with ...

Nature Research2020

Combined deletion of Glut1 and Glut3 impairs lung adenocarcinoma growth

Rolf Gruetter, Anders Meibom, Graham Knott, Bernard Lanz, Stéphane Laurent Escrig, Etienne Meylan, Louise Helene Soegaard Jensen, Nadine Fournier, Mario Gaetano Lepore, Caroline Anne-Lyse Contat, Pierre-Benoit Bernard Ancey, Stéphanie Clerc, Justine Pascual, Silvia Sabatino

Glucose utilization increases in tumors, a metabolic process that is observed clinically by F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (F-18-FDG-PET). However, is increased glucose uptake important for tumor cells, and which transporters are impl ...

2020

L-Cell Differentiation Is Induced by Bile Acids Through GPBAR1 and Paracrine GLP-1 and Serotonin Signaling

Kristina Schoonjans, Giovanni Sorrentino

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) mimetics are effective drugs for treatment of type 2 diabetes, and there is consequently extensive interest in increasing endogenous GLP-1 secretion and L-cell abundance. Here we identify G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor ...

AMER DIABETES ASSOC2020

Biogeography and biochemistry of bile acid 7-dehydroxylation in the mammalian gut

Solenne Anne Marie Marion

Bile acids (BAs) are small molecules synthesized by the host and chemically modified by the microorganisms inhabiting the intestinal tract. The microbial transformation of BAs in the gut is critical to BA-mediated signaling as it modifies their amount and ...

EPFL2020

N-acetylaspartate availability is essential for juvenile survival on fat-free diet and determines metabolic health

Johan Auwerx, Dina Hofer

N-acetylaspartate (NAA) is synthesized by aspartate N-acetyltransferase (gene: Nat8l) from acetyl-coenzyme A and aspartate. In the brain, NAA is considered an important energy metabolite for lipid synthesis. However, the role of NAA in peripheral tissues r ...

2019

High frequency shift in Carotid Sinus Nerve and Sympathetic Nerve activity in Type 2 Diabetic Rat Model

Silvestro Micera

Overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is associated to several cardiovascular and metabolic dysfunctions, such as hypertension and insulin resistance. Indirect biochemical measurements and surgical manipulations have provided preliminary evi ...

IEEE2019

Glucose transporter 2 mediates the hypoglycemia-induced increase in cerebral blood flow

Rolf Gruetter, Hongxia Lei

Glucose transporter 2 (Glut2)-positive cells are sparsely distributed in brain and play an important role in the stimulation of glucagon secretion in response to hypoglycemia. We aimed to determine if Glut2-positive cells can influence another response to ...

2019

Endogenous nicotinamide riboside metabolism protects against diet-induced liver damage

Carlos Canto Alvarez, Joanna Ratajczak, Miriam Valera Alberni

Supplementation with the NAD(+) precursor nicotinamide riboside (NR) ameliorates and prevents a broad array of metabolic and aging disorders in mice. However, little is known about the physiological role of endogenous NR metabolism. We have previously show ...

Nature Research2019