Concept

Chemical weapon

Related publications (27)

Selectively permeable microcapsules

Microcapsules are appealing containers for delivering active ingredients, such as drugs and cosmetics, or conducting chemical and biological reactions on a small scale. To control the timing and location of release of these encapsulants, the shells of micr ...

EPFL2023

Morphology of Nanostructured Tantalum Oxide Controls Stem Cell Differentiation and Improves Corrosion Behavior

Ece Mailand

Tantalum is receiving increasing attention in the biomedical field due to its biocompatible nature and superior mechanical properties. However, the bioinert nature of tantalum still poses a challenge and limits its integration into the bone tissue. To addr ...

Amer Chemical Soc2023

Unidirectional penetration approach for characterizing sulfate attack mechanisms on cement mortars and pastes

Karen Scrivener, William Wilson, Qiao Wang

Degradation of cementitious materials by sulfate ions is commonly classified into chemical and physical sulfate attack. So-called "physical" attack dominates in many field situations, but laboratory testing focuses on "chemical" attack under full-immersion ...

Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd2023

Two-dimensional Hubbard model at finite temperature: Weak, strong, and long correlation regimes

Riccardo Rossi

We investigate the momentum-resolved spin and charge susceptibilities, as well as the chemical potential and double occupancy in the two-dimensional Hubbard model as functions of doping, temperature, and interaction strength. Through these quantities, we i ...

AMER PHYSICAL SOC2022

High-content, arrayed compound screens with rhinovirus, influenza A virus and herpes simplex virus infections

Gerardo Turcatti, Fabien Kuttler

Viruses are genetically and structurally diverse, and outnumber cells by orders of magnitude. They can cause acute and chronic infections, suppress, or exacerbate immunity, or dysregulate survival and growth of cells. To identify chemical agents with pro- ...

2022

Assessing Analytical Methods for the Rapid Detection of Lead Adulteration in the Global Spice Market

Meret Aeppli

Lead adulteration of spices, primarily via Pb chromate compounds, has been documented globally as a growing public health concern. Currently, Pb detection in spices relies primarily on expensive and time-consuming laboratory analyses. Advancing rapid Pb de ...

AMER CHEMICAL SOC2022

Emergent thermophoretic behavior in chemical reaction systems

Paolo De Los Rios, Daniel Maria Busiello, Shiling Liang

Exposing a solution to a temperature gradient can lead to the accumulation of particles on either the cold or warm side. This phenomenon is known as thermophoresis, and its microscopic origin is still debated. Here, we show that thermophoresis can be obser ...

IOP Publishing Ltd2022

Parallel temporal signal processing enabled by polarization-multiplexed programmable THz metasurfaces

Romain Christophe Rémy Fleury, Ali Momeni

Under the trends of multifunctionality, tunability, and compactness in modern wave -based signal processors, in this paper, we propose a polarization-multiplexed graphene-based metasurface to realize distinct mathematical operators on the parallel time-dom ...

Optica Publishing Group2022

Monodisperse Selectively Permeable Hydrogel Capsules Made from Single Emulsion Drops

Esther Amstad, Alexandre Louis André Persat, Huachuan Du, Mathias Steinacher, Alice Cont

Capsules are often used to protect chemical and biological entities from the environment, to control the timing and location of their release, or to facilitate the collection of waste. Their performance depends on the thickness and composition of their she ...

2021

Transport signatures of temperature-induced chemical potential shift and Lifshitz transition in layered type-II Weyl semimetal TaIrTe4

Oleg Yazyev, Quansheng Wu

Temperature-induced Lifshitz transitions have been identified in several materials. Their chemical potential shows a substantial shift with changing temperature. The common feature of these materials is the coexistence of electron and hole pockets in the v ...

IOP PUBLISHING LTD2021

Dissipation-Driven Selection under Finite Diffusion: Hints from Equilibrium and Separation of Time Scales

Paolo De Los Rios, Daniel Maria Busiello, Shiling Liang

When exposed to a thermal gradient, reaction networks can convert thermal energy into the chemical selection of states that would be unfavourable at equilibrium. The kinetics of reaction paths, and thus how fast they dissipate available energy, might be do ...

MDPI2021

Nighttime chemistry of biomass burning emissions in urban areas: A dual mobile chamber study

Athanasios Nenes

Residential biomass burning for heating purposes is an important source of air pollutants during winter. Here we test the hypothesis that significant secondary organic aerosol production can take place even during winter nights through oxidation of the emi ...

Copernicus GmbH2021

Spectroelectrochemical and Chemical Evidence of Surface Passivation at Zinc Ferrite (ZnFe 2 O 4 ) Photoanodes for Solar Water Oxidation

Michael Graetzel, Kevin Sivula, Liang Yao, Mounir Driss Mensi, Nestor Guijarro Carratala, Dan Ren, Yongpeng Liu, Meng Xia

Recent advances in low‐cost manufacturing as well as in bulk/interface engineering have positioned zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4, ZFO) in the spotlight as a candidate material for solar water oxidation. However, the severe recombination at the reactive interface r ...

2021

The evolution of the type VI secretion system as a disintegration weapon

Julius Hans Bernd Winter

The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a nanomachine used by many bacteria to drive a toxin-laden needle into other bacterial cells. Although the potential to influence bacterial competition is clear, the fitness impacts of wielding a T6SS are not well und ...

PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE2020

Aerosol pH and liquid water content determine when particulate matter is sensitive to ammonia and nitrate availability

Athanasios Nenes

Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and ammonia (NH3) from anthropogenic and biogenic emissions are central contributors to particulate matter (PM) concentrations worldwide. The response of PM to changes in the emissions of both compounds is typically studied on a case- ...

Copernicus Publications2020

Non-equilibrium kinetics and trajectory thermodynamics of synthetic molecular pumps

Cristian Pezzato

A major goal in the design of synthetic molecular machines is the creation of pumps that can use the input of energy to transport material from a reservoir at low chemical potential to a different reservoir at higher chemical potential, thereby forming and ...

ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY2020

Nature of native atomic defects in ZrTe5 and their impact on the low-energy electronic structure

Helmuth Berger, Oleg Yazyev, Ana Akrap, Shengnan Zhang

Over the past decades, investigations of the anomalous low-energy electronic properties of ZrTe5 have reached a wide array of conclusions. An open question is the growth method's impact on the stoichiometry of ZrTe5 samples, especially given the very small ...

AMER PHYSICAL SOC2020

A fish intestinal barrier model to assess the interaction with chemicals in vitro

Hannah Inka Schug

The intestinal epithelium acts as vital gate keeper between the fish and its surrounding environment. A single layer of connected epithelial cells forms a selective barrier, which, among other essential functions, is important for nutrient uptake and defen ...

EPFL2019

Quantitative chemical biosensing by bacterial chemotaxis in microfluidic chips

Harald Van Lintel

Whole-cell bacterial bioreporters are proposed asalternatives to chemical analysis of, for example, pol-lutants in environmental compartments. Commonlybased on reporter gene induction, bioreporters pro-duce a detectable signal within 30 min to a few hoursa ...

2018

TransFEr: a new device to measure the transfer of volatile and hydrophobic organic chemicals across an in vitro intestinal fish cell barrier

Kristin Schirmer, Hannah Inka Schug

Transfer of compounds across cellular barriers is a critical step of compound uptake into organisms. Using in vitro barrier systems to evaluate such transfer is attractive because of the higher throughput and reduced resource needs compared to animal studi ...

ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY2018