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Concept

Bleach

Related publications (19)

The Mn(VII)-H2O2 oxidation process: Abatement of electron-deficient N-containing organic compounds

Urs von Gunten

Chemical oxidants applied in water treatment are electrophiles, which preferentially attack sites with higher electron density. This typically results in less efficient oxidative abatement of organic compounds with electronwithdrawing substituents. In this ...

Elsevier Science Sa2024

Assessment of water, sanitation, and hygiene services in district health care facilities in rural area of Mekong Delta, Vietnam

Klaus Benedikt Schönenberger, Solomzi Makohliso

Access to sufficient water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services is a crucial requirement for patients during therapy and general well-being in the hospital. However, in low- and middle-income countries, these services are often inadequate, resulting in ...

SPRINGER2022

Inputs of disinfection by-products to the marine environment from various industrial activities: Comparison to natural production

Urs von Gunten, Jin Jiang

Oxidative treatment of seawater in coastal and shipboard installations is applied to control biofouling and/or minimize the input of noxious or invasive species into the marine environment. This treatment allows a safe and efficient operation of industrial ...

PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD2022

Reactions of alpha,beta-Unsaturated Carbonyls with Free Chlorine, Free Bromine, and Combined Chlorine

Urs von Gunten

Chemical disinfectants employed in water and wastewater treatment can produce a variety of transformation products, including carbonyl compounds (e.g., saturated and unsaturated aldehydes and ketones). Experiments conducted under conditions relevant to chl ...

AMER CHEMICAL SOC2021

Update on Interfacial Charge Transfer (IFTC) Processes on Films Inactivating Viruses/Bacteria under Visible Light: Mechanistic Considerations and Critical Issues

Juan Kiwi, Sami Rtimi

This review presents an update describing binary and ternary semiconductors involving interfacial charge transfer (IFCT) in composites made up by TiO2, CuO, Ag2O and Fe2O3 used in microbial disinfection (bacteria and viruses). The disinfection mechanism, k ...

2021

Force microscopy of the Caenorhabditis elegans embryonic eggshell

Martinus Adela Maria Gijs, Thomas Lehnert, Roger Philippe Krenger

Assays focusing on emerging biological phenomena in an animal's life can be performed during embryogenesis. While the embryo of Caenorhabditis elegans has been extensively studied, its biomechanical properties are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that ...

NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP2020

Solar-Electrochemical Platforms for Sodium Hypochlorite Generation in Developing Countries

Demetri Psaltis, Christophe Moser, Seyyed Mohammad Hosseini Hashemi, Enrico Chinello

On-site generation of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) holds the potential to bring an efficient and cost-effective water disinfection method to isolated and remote locations. Solar-driven, stand-alone reactors could provide those communities full independence ...

ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC2019

Comparing the anti-bacterial performance of chlorination and electrolysis post-treatments in a hand washing water recycling system

Odile Marie Clotilde Hervás de Nalda-Larivé

Innovative solutions are necessary to enable the decentralized recycling of greywater for applications requiring high-quality water, such as hand washing. While physical barriers such as ultrafiltration membranes effectively prevent the passage of bacteria ...

2019

Solar-Electrochemical Devices for Water Splitting and Chlorine Generation

Enrico Chinello

Solar technologies hold the potential to ultimately counteract the effects of climate change. Nevertheless, the intermittency of sunlight poses technical challenges regarding the storage of the surplus production and the supply of the deficit. The generat ...

EPFL2019

The Chaperone and Redox Properties of CnoX Chaperedoxins Are Tailored to the Proteostatic Needs of Bacterial Species

Camille Véronique Bernadette Goemans

Hypochlorous acid (bleach), an oxidizing compound produced by neutrophils, turns the Escherichia coli chaperedoxin CnoX into a powerful holdase protecting its substrates from bleach-induced aggregation. CnoX is well conserved in bacteria, even in non-infec ...

2018

Efficient Electrochemical Production of Peroxodicarbonate Applying DIACHEM (R) Diamond Electrodes

Christos Comninellis

The electrochemical synthesis of peroxodicarbonate was performed on boron-doped DIACHEM((R)) diamond anodes (BDD). The influence of various parameters was studied and promising conditions were determined in an undivided cell design by CONDIAS GmbH. The bes ...

Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh2017

H2O2 generation at carbon paste electrode with decamethylferrocene solution in 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether as a binder. The catalytic effect of MoS2 particles

Hubert Girault

Here, we report hydrogen peroxide generation at 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether (NPOE)-water interface with decamethylferrocene as an electron donor. The progress of this reaction was detected by the observation of color change of the organic and aqueous phases i ...

Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh2016

Study of Hypochlorite Reduction Related to the Sodium Chlorate Process

Michael Markus Busch

Reduction of hypochlorite is the most important side reaction in the sodium chlorate reactor leading to high energy losses. Today chromate is added to the reactor solution to minimize the hypochlorite reduction but a replacement is necessary due to health ...

Springer2016

Genetic, structural and phenotypic properties of MS2 coliphage with resistance to ClO2 disinfection

Tamar Kohn, Anna Carratala Ripolles, Petr Leiman, Virginie Bachmann, Sergey Nazarov, Qingxia Zhong, Ricardo Cesar Guerrero Ferreira

Common water disinfectants like chlorine have been reported to select for resistant viruses, yet little attention has been devoted to characterizing disinfection resistance. Here, we investigated the resistance of MS2 coliphage to inactivation by chlorine ...

Amer Chemical Soc2016

Electrochemical Detection of Free Chlorine at Inkjet Printed Silver Electrodes

Hubert Girault, Fernando Cortes Salazar, Andreas Stephan Lesch, Milica Jovic, Véronique Amstutz, Hongyan Bi

A low-cost, reliable and sensitive electrochemical method for free chlorine analysis in water using inkjet printed silver electrodes is presented. Free chlorine detection was based on linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) analysis of AgCl/Ag2O films formed over a ...

Elsevier Science Sa2015

Enhanced N-nitrosamine formation in pool water by UV irradiation of chlorinated secondary amines in the presence of monochloramine

Urs von Gunten, Minju Lee

N-Nitrosamines, in particular N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), are carcinogens, which occur as chlorine disinfection by-products (DBPs) in swimming pools and hot tubs. UV treatment is a commonly used technique in swimming pools for disinfection and DBP atten ...

Elsevier2013

Iodate and Iodo-Trihalomethane Formation during Chlorination of Iodide-Containing Waters: Role of Bromide

Urs von Gunten

The kinetics of iodate formation is a critical factor in mitigation of the formation of potentially toxic and off flavor causing iodoorganic compounds during chlorination. This study demonstrates that the formation of bromine through the oxidation of bromi ...

2012

Effects of carbonate on the electrolytic removal of ammonia and urea from urine with thermally prepared IrO2 electrodes

Christos Comninellis, Agnieszka Kapalka, Véronique Amstutz

Recent studies have shown that electrolysis can be an efficient process for nitrogen removal from urine. These studies have been conducted with urea solutions or fresh urine, but urine collected in NoMix toilets and urinals has a substantially different co ...

Springer Netherlands2012

Formation of assimilable organic carbon during oxidation of natural waters with ozone, chlorine dioxide, chlorine, permanganate, and ferrate

Urs von Gunten

Five oxidants, ozone, chlorine dioxide, chlorine, permanganate, and ferrate were studied with regard to the formation of assimilable organic carbon (AOC) and oxalate in absence and presence of cyanobacteria in lake water matrices. Ozone and ferrate formed ...

2011