Introduces scalar gravity, covering covariant derivatives, Ricci tensor, Einstein Equivalence Principle, and the generalization of Newtonian gravity equations.
Explores collisionless systems stability, covering the Virial Equation, Equilibria, Moments of the Collisionless Boltzmann Equation, and the origin of instability.
Explores luminosity distance, the Einstein field equation, Stephen Hawking's contributions, and the cosmological principle, among other cosmological concepts.