Use of deoxysphingolipids as anti-toxins and anti-virals

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Susceptibility to infection in early life: a growing role for human genetics

Jacques Fellay, Alessandro Borghesi

The unique vulnerability to infection of newborns and young infants is generally explained by a constellation of differences between early-life immune responses and immune responses at later ages, often referred to as neonatal immune immaturity. This devel ...

SPRINGER2020

Transcriptomic analysis across liver diseases reveals disease-modulating activation of constitutive androstane receptor in cholestasis

Kristina Schoonjans

Background & Aims: Liver diseases are caused by many factors, such as genetics, nutrition, and viruses. Therefore, it is important to delineate transcriptomic changes that occur in various liver diseases. Methods: We performed high-throughput sequencing of ...

2020

Virus-Mediated Cell-Cell Fusion

Lucie Josepha Marie Bracq

Cell-cell fusion between eukaryotic cells is a general process involved in many physiological and pathological conditions, including infections by bacteria, parasites, and viruses. As obligate intracellular pathogens, viruses use intracellular machineries ...

2020

Initial Step of Virus Entry: Virion Binding to Cell-Surface Glycans

Christian Sieben, Laurent Gillet

Virus infection is an intricate process that requires the concerted action of both viral and host cell components. Entry of viruses into cells is initiated by interactions between viral proteins and cell-surface receptors. Various cell-surface glycans func ...

ANNUAL REVIEWS2020

Modified cyclodextrins as broad-spectrum antivirals

Matej Janecek, Francesco Stellacci, Natalia Gasilova, Daniel Ortiz Trujillo, Matteo Gasbarri, Valeria Cagno, Samuel Thomas Jones

Viral infections kill millions of people and new antivirals are needed. Nontoxic drugs that irreversibly inhibit viruses (virucidal) are postulated to be ideal. Unfortunately, all virucidal molecules described to date are cytotoxic. We recently developed n ...

AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE2020

Inhibition of influenza virus activity by the bovine seminal plasma protein PDC-109

Christian Sieben

A number of viruses causing sexually transmissible diseases are transmitted via mammalian seminal plasma. Several components of seminal plasma have been shown to influence those viruses and their physiological impact. To unravel whether components of semin ...

SPRINGER2019

Human genomics of acute liver failure due to hepatitis B virus infection: An exome sequencing study in liver transplant recipients

Jacques Fellay, Christian Hammer, Nimisha Chaturvedi, Petar Scepanovic, Samira Asgari

Acute liver failure (ALF) or fulminant hepatitis is a rare, yet severe outcome of infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) that carries a high mortality rate. The occurrence of a life-threatening condition upon infection with a prevalent virus in individuals ...

2019

Adaptation of hepatitis C virus to interferon lambda polymorphism across multiple viral genotypes

Jacques Fellay, Nimisha Chaturvedi

Genetic polymorphism in the interferon lambda (IFN-lambda) region is associated with spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and response to interferon-based treatment. Here, we evaluate associations between IFN-l polymorphism and HCV va ...

2019

Population Structure, Molecular Epidemiology, and beta-Lactamase Diversity among Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Isolates in the United States

Luciano Andres Abriata

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a Gram-negative, nonfermenting, environmental bacillus that is an important cause of nosocomial infections, primarily associated with the respiratory tract in the immunocompromised population. Aiming to understand the popula ...

2019

Safely Managed Hygiene: A Risk-Based Assessment of Handwashing Water Quality

Timothy R. Julian, Matthew Eric Verbyla

Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Indicator 6.2.1 requires household handwashing facilities to have soap and water, but there are no guidelines for handwashing water quality. In contrast, drinking water quality guidelines are defined: water must be "free ...

2019

Inside Job: Viruses Transfer cGAMP between Cells

Andrea Ablasser, Muhammet Fatih Gülen

The DNA sensor, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), is essential for the detection of viral infection. In a recent issue of Science, two studies, Bridgeman et al. (2015) and Gentili et al. (2015), report a novel mechanism for propagating an antiviral signal be ...

Cell Press2015