Red squirrels in the British Isles are infected with leprosy bacilli

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Glacier-fed streams are the cold, ultra-oligotrophic, and unstable streams that are fed by glacial meltwater. Despite these extreme conditions, they harbour a diverse and abundant microbial diversity that develops into biofilms, covering the boulders and s ...

The Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) comprises nine human-adapted lineages that differ in their geographical distribution. Local adaptation of specific MTBC genotypes to the respective human host population has been invoked in this context. We aim ...

Tactile perception of softness serves a critical role in the survival, well-being, and social interaction among various species, including humans. This perception informs activities from food selection in animals to medical palpation for disease detection ...

Local and global inference methods have been developed to infer structural contacts from multiple sequence alignments of homologous proteins. They rely on correlations in amino acid usage at contacting sites. Because homologous proteins share a common ance ...

Description (through texts, images, models or samples) played a central role in the patent regimes that emerged in the eighteenth century, first in England, later in the United States and in France. Description ensured that the contract—protection in excha ...

Author summaryLeprosy is a chronic dermato-neurological disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, an obligate intracellular bacterium. Diagnosis of leprosy often relies on skin examinations for clinical signs, bacilli staining from skin smears and invasive s ...

Despite the structural and functional information contained in the statistical coupling between pairs of residues in a protein, coevolution associated with function is often obscured by artifactual signals such as genetic drift, which shapes a protein's ph ...

Set-point viral load (SPVL), a common measure of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 virulence, is partially determined by viral genotype. Epidemiological evidence suggests that this viral property has been under stabilising selection, with a typical opti ...

The hypothesis that the evolution of humans involves hybridization between diverged species has been actively debated in recent years. We present the following novel evidence in support of this hypothesis: the analysis of nuclear pseudogenes of mtDNA ("NUM ...

The treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) is an unmet medical need in absence of early diagnosis. Here, upon characterizing cancer-specific transposable element-driven transpochimeric gene transcripts (TcGTs) produced by this tumor in the SYSCOL cohort, we ...

In this thesis, we investigate the inverse problem of trees and barcodes from a combinatorial, geometric, probabilistic and statistical point of view. Computing the persistent homology of a merge tree yields a barcode B. Reconstructing a tree from B invol ...

Background Hansen's disease (leprosy), widespread in medieval Europe, is today mainly prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions with around 200,000 new cases reported annually. Despite its long history and appearance in historical records, its origins ...

Since its emergence in December 2019, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread globally and become a major public health burden. Despite its close phylogenetic relationship to SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 exhibits increased human-to- ...

The Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH) aims to accelerate biomedical advances by enabling the responsible sharing of clinical and genomic data through both harmonized data aggregation and federated approaches. The decreasing cost of genomic se ...

Mycobacterium leprae, the causative agent of leprosy, is an unculturable bacterium with a considerably reduced genome (3.27 Mb) compared to homologues mycobacteria from the same ancestry. In 2001, the genome ofM. lepraewas first described and subsequently ...

Human settlement of Madagascar traces back to the beginning of the first millennium with the arrival of Austronesians from Southeast Asia, followed by migrations from Africa and the Middle East. Remains of these different cultural, genetic, and linguistic ...

We conducted barcoding analysis of valid taxa in the genus Goliathus Lamarck, 1802 and clarified their relationships. Specimens of Goliathus goliatus (Drury, 1770) sampled in tropical rainforests from Cameroon to Kenya display degrees of genetic and phenot ...

The presence of the oligochaete species Quistadrilus multisetosus (Smith, 1900) originating from North America has been mentioned for several decades in Europe, the Middle East and Russia. Its distribution and abundance in Europe is still unknown but it ca ...

Stroke is one of the leading causes of long-term disability. Advanced technological solutions ("neurotechnologies'') exploiting robotic systems and electrodes that stimulate the nervous system can increase the efficacy of stroke rehabilitation. Recent stud ...

Author summary How do humans make prediction when the critical factor that influences the quality of the prediction is hidden? Here, we address this question by conducting a simple psychophysical experiment in which participants had to extrapolate a parabo ...

Red squirrels in the British Isles are infected with leprosy bacilli

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The microbial genomics of glacier-fed streams: adaptations to an extreme ecosystem

Bacterial diversity dominates variable macrophage responses of tuberculosis patients in Tanzania

SORI: A softness-rendering interface to unravel the nature of softness perception

Impact of phylogeny on structural contact inference from protein sequence data

Writing and Drawing Inventions: Patents and Technology in France and the United States (18th-19th centuries)

Development and validation of a multiplex real-time qPCR assay using GMP-grade reagents for leprosy diagnosis

Extracting phylogenetic dimensions of coevolution reveals hidden functional signals

Phylogenetic estimation of the viral fitness landscape of HIV-1 set-point viral load

Mitochondrial Pseudogenes Suggest Repeated Inter-Species Hybridization among Direct Human Ancestors

Transposon-activated POU5F1B promotes colorectal cancer growth and metastasis

From Trees to Barcodes and Back Again: A Combinatorial, Probabilistic and Geometric Study of a Topological Inverse Problem

Mycobacterium leprae diversity and population dynamics in medieval Europe from novel ancient genomes

Disparate temperature-dependent virus-host dynamics for SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV in the human respiratory epithelium

GA4GH: International policies and standards for data sharing across genomic research and healthcare

Genomic Characterization of Mycobacterium lepraeto Explore Transmission Patterns Identifies New Subtype in Bangladesh

Population Genomics of Mycobacterium leprae Reveals a New Genotype in Madagascar and the Comoros

Barcoding analysis and taxonomic revision of Goliathus Lamarck, 1802 (Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae)

The foreign oligochaete species Quistadrilus multisetosus (Smith, 1900) in Lake Geneva: morphological and molecular characterization and environmental influences on its distribution

Advanced Neurotechnologies for the Restoration of Motor Function

Bayesian regression explains how human participants handle parameter uncertainty