Subgranular zoneThe subgranular zone (SGZ) is a brain region in the hippocampus where adult neurogenesis occurs. The other major site of adult neurogenesis is the subventricular zone (SVZ) in the brain. The subgranular zone is a narrow layer of cells located between the granule cell layer and hilus of the dentate gyrus. This layer is characterized by several types of cells, the most prominent type being neural stem cells (NSCs) in various stages of development.
GlioseGliosis is a nonspecific reactive change of glial cells in response to damage to the central nervous system (CNS). In most cases, gliosis involves the proliferation or hypertrophy of several different types of glial cells, including astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes. In its most extreme form, the proliferation associated with gliosis leads to the formation of a glial scar. The process of gliosis involves a series of cellular and molecular events that occur over several days.
GliogenesisGliogenesis is the generation of non-neuronal glia populations derived from multipotent neural stem cells. Gliogenesis results in the formation of non-neuronal glia populations from neuronal cells. In this capacity, glial cells provide multiple functions to both the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Subsequent differentiation of glial cell populations results in function-specialized glial lineages.
InterneuroneUn interneurone est un neurone multipolaire qui établit de multiples connexions entre un réseau afférent et un réseau efférent. Comme les motoneurones, leur corps cellulaire est toujours situé dans le système nerveux central (SNC). La majorité des interneurones sont inhibiteurs et sécrètent un neurotransmetteur caractéristique, le GABA. En comparaison du système nerveux périphérique (SNP), les neurones du système nerveux central peuvent être considérés comme des interneurones.
TélencéphaleLe télencéphale désigne, en neuroanatomie des chordés, l'ensemble constitué par les hémisphères cérébraux (cortex cérébral, substance blanche et structures sous-corticales) et des structures associées. Chez l'humain, il pèse entre , ce qui en fait la structure la plus développée de son encéphale. Il se compose de deux hémisphères reliés par des ponts de substances blanches appelés commissures inter-hémisphériques, tel le corps calleux.
Cell potencyCell potency is a cell's ability to differentiate into other cell types. The more cell types a cell can differentiate into, the greater its potency. Potency is also described as the gene activation potential within a cell, which like a continuum, begins with totipotency to designate a cell with the most differentiation potential, pluripotency, multipotency, oligopotency, and finally unipotency. Totipotency (Lat. totipotentia, "ability for all [things]") is the ability of a single cell to divide and produce all of the differentiated cells in an organism.
