Open-source licenseOpen-source licenses facilitate free and open-source software (FOSS) development. Intellectual property (IP) laws restrict the modification and sharing of creative works. Free and open-source software licenses use these existing legal structures for the inverse purpose of granting freedoms that promote sharing and collaboration. They grant the recipient the rights to use the software, examine the source code, modify it, and distribute the modifications. These licenses target computer software where source code can be necessary to create modifications.
Open-source software developmentOpen-source software development (OSSD) is the process by which open-source software, or similar software whose source code is publicly available, is developed by an open-source software project. These are software products available with its source code under an open-source license to study, change, and improve its design. Examples of some popular open-source software products are Mozilla Firefox, Google Chromium, Android, LibreOffice and the VLC media player. In 1997, Eric S. Raymond wrote The Cathedral and the Bazaar.
Open-source-software movementThe open-source-software movement is a movement that supports the use of open-source licenses for some or all software, as part of the broader notion of open collaboration. The open-source movement was started to spread the concept/idea of open-source software. Programmers who support the open-source-movement philosophy contribute to the open-source community by voluntarily writing and exchanging programming code for software development.
Conservation de l'énergieLa conservation de l'énergie est un principe physique, selon lequel l'énergie totale d'un système isolé est invariante au cours du temps. Ce principe, largement vérifié expérimentalement, est de première importance en physique, et impose que pour tout phénomène physique l'énergie totale initiale du système isolé soit égale à l'énergie totale finale, donc que de l'énergie passe d'une forme à une autre durant le déroulement du phénomène, sans création ni disparition d'énergie.
Photovoltaic systemA photovoltaic system, also PV system or solar power system, is an electric power system designed to supply usable solar power by means of photovoltaics. It consists of an arrangement of several components, including solar panels to absorb and convert sunlight into electricity, a solar inverter to convert the output from direct to alternating current, as well as mounting, cabling, and other electrical accessories to set up a working system. It may also use a solar tracking system to improve the system's overall performance and include an integrated battery.
Power-flow studyIn power engineering, the power-flow study, or load-flow study, is a numerical analysis of the flow of electric power in an interconnected system. A power-flow study usually uses simplified notations such as a one-line diagram and per-unit system, and focuses on various aspects of AC power parameters, such as voltages, voltage angles, real power and reactive power. It analyzes the power systems in normal steady-state operation. Power-flow or load-flow studies are important for planning future expansion of power systems as well as in determining the best operation of existing systems.
Comparison of open-source and closed-source softwareFree/open-source software – the source availability model used by free and open-source software (FOSS) – and closed source are two approaches to the distribution of software. Under the closed-source model source code is not released to the public. Closed-source software is maintained by a team who produces their product in a compiled-executable state, which is what the market is allowed access to.
MaquetteUne maquette est une représentation partielle ou complète d'un système ou d'un objet (existant ou en projet) afin d'en tester et valider certains aspects et/ou le comportement (maquette fonctionnelle), ou simplement à des fins ludiques (maquette de jeu) ou informatives (présentation pédagogique ou commerciale d'une réalisation ou d'un projet). La maquette peut être réalisée en deux ou trois dimensions, à une échelle donnée, le plus souvent réduite ou agrandie pour en faciliter la visualisation ou la manipulation.
Accélération de l'expansion de l'Universvignette|Diagramme circulaire montrant la composition de l'Univers. On voit la prédominance de l'énergie noire (70%) dans la densité d'énergie totale de l'Univers. L'accélération de l'expansion de l'Univers est le nom donné au phénomène qui voit la vitesse de fuite des galaxies par rapport à la Voie lactée augmenter au cours du temps. Ce phénomène a été mis en évidence en 1998 par deux équipes internationales, le Supernova Cosmology Project, mené par Saul Perlmutter, et le High-Z supernovae search team, mené par Adam Riess, ce qui leur vaudra l'obtention du prix Nobel de physique en 2011.
Model aircraftA model aircraft is a small unmanned aircraft. Many are replicas of real aircraft. Model aircraft are divided into two basic groups: flying and non-flying. Non-flying models are also termed static, display, or shelf models. Aircraft manufacturers and researchers make wind tunnel models for testing aerodynamic properties, for basic research, or for the development of new designs. Sometimes only part of the aircraft is modelled.
Business process modelingBusiness process modeling (BPM) in business process management and systems engineering is the activity of representing processes of an enterprise, so that the current business processes may be analyzed, improved, and automated. BPM is typically performed by business analysts, who provide expertise in the modeling discipline; by subject matter experts, who have specialized knowledge of the processes being modeled; or more commonly by a team comprising both. Alternatively, the process model can be derived directly from events' logs using process mining tools.
Panne de courantthumb|Court-circuit d'une ligne électrique à Troy, Illinois. Une panne de courant est la suspension de la distribution du courant électrique dans une région attribuée. Ceci peut provenir d'un défaut dans une centrale électrique, de l'équipement de distribution endommagé (par exemple, par une tempête de neige ou de pluie verglaçante), un court-circuit ou une surcharge du système. Le terme « blackout » est également utilisé lorsque la panne concerne un grand nombre de clients.
