Photonic metamaterialA photonic metamaterial (PM), also known as an optical metamaterial, is a type of electromagnetic metamaterial, that interacts with light, covering terahertz (THz), infrared (IR) or visible wavelengths. The materials employ a periodic, cellular structure. The subwavelength periodicity distinguishes photonic metamaterials from photonic band gap or photonic crystal structures. The cells are on a scale that is magnitudes larger than the atom, yet much smaller than the radiated wavelength, are on the order of nanometers.
WaveguideA waveguide is a structure that guides waves, such as sound (acoustic waveguide), light (optical waveguide), radio waves (radio-frequency waveguide) or other electromagnetic waves, with minimal loss of energy by restricting the transmission of energy to one direction. Without the physical constraint of a waveguide, wave intensities decrease according to the inverse square law as they expand into three-dimensional space. There are different types of waveguides for different types of waves.
Communication optiqueLa communication optique désigne les télécommunications utilisant des moyens, matériaux ou instruments d'optique. Le , le prix Nobel de physique est attribué à l'Américano-Britannique Charles Kao pour « une avancée dans le domaine de la transmission de la lumière dans les fibres pour la communication optique » ainsi que l'Américano-Canadien Willard Boyle et l'Américain George Smith pour « l'invention d'un circuit semi-conducteur d'images, le capteur CCD ». signaux de fumée fibre optique langue des signes t
