A comparison of experimental measurements and code results to determine flows in the JET SOL

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The primary cilium, a hair-like projection from the cellular membrane, is involved in fluid flow sensing. Bending the primary cilium is known to trigger several signaling pathways. In this study, the primary cilium is modeled as a thin beam undergoing large deflection due to fluid drag forces. For the first time, the bending response is analyzed with a model combining large angle rotations with the assumption of a linear drag force along the ciliary length. In addition, the initial curvature and the angle b

Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness in the world. It results in an increase of the aqueous humour (AH) outflow pathway which leads to an increase of the intraocular pressure (IOP). Many treatments exists to reduce and stabilize the IOP such as medications, filtering surgery and Glaucoma Drainage Devices. So far computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of the eye drainage system has not yet been well studied. Therefore our goals was to numerically simulate the AH outflow pattern in a model

A key issue for steady-state tokamak operation is to determine the edge conditions that are compatible both with good core confinement and with the power handling and plasma exhaust capabilities of the plasma facing components (PFCs) and divertor systems. A quantitative response to this open question will provide a robust scientific basis for reliable extrapolation of present regimes to an ITER compatible steady-state scenario. In this context, the JET programme addressing steady-state operation is focused

ASDEX Upgrade has recently finished its transition towards an all-W divertor tokamak, by the exchange of the last remaining graphite tiles to W-coated ones. The plasma start-up was performed without prior boronization. It was found that the large He content in the plasma, resulting from DC glow discharges for conditioning, leads to a confinement reduction. After the change to D glow for inter-shot conditioning, the He content quickly dropped and, in parallel, the usual H-Mode confinement with H factors clos

We investigate low-frequency electromagnetic wave propagation and absorption properties in 2D and 3D plasma configurations. For these purposes, we have developed a new full-wave 3D code LEMan that determines a global solution of the wave equation in bounded stellarator plasmas excited with an external antenna. No assumption on the wavelength compared to the plasma size is made, all the effects of the 3D geometry and finite plasma extent are included. The equation is formulated in terms of electromagnetic po

During high recycling conditions and divertor detachment in the TCV tokamak, divertor target Langmuir probes never measure electron temperatures much below similar to5 eV. Code simulations using B2-EIRENE of these plasmas indicate that Te approximate to 1 eV. This inconsistency has also been seen in other tokamaks. In this paper, the influence on a theoretical Langmuir probe VI-characteristic of a strong T-e gradient parallel to the magnetic field is examined by using B2-EIRENE simulated T-e and n(e) profil

The author discusses the development of mathematical models for the flow of blood in the human circulatory system. By necessity, such a model of a living system must include several simplifications, ignore some factors, and make several assumptions. This is not a simple fluid flow problem with a routine application of Navier-Stoke equations. There are several chemical reactions going on, there is a coupling between the fluid flow and the motion of the vessel wall. Moreover, the material of the vessel is not

Few experimental test data are available for evaporation of ammonia inside tubes and numerous new data have been measured and presented here. An improved approach to the prediction of flow boiling heat transfer in horizontal tubes has been proposed through the study of each flow pattern separately, incorporating a new criterion defining the onset of nucleate boiling as a function of the critical convective heat transfer coefficient representative of the location where nucleate boiling might occur. A new fun

Summary: For the simulation of two-dimensional incompressible flows, the Navier-Stokes equations can be coupled with models of reduced complexity, such as Oseen and Stokes models. This approach is briefly reviewed here. Then we propose a numerical solution of the coupled problem by subdomain splitting. We give numerical results obtained by finite element and spectral element approximations on a couple of test problems of physical interest.

Alfven eigenmodes (AEs) with intermediate toroidal mode numbers are modelled using the global gyrokinetic PENN code to determine the stability of high performance tokamak discharges in the presence of energetic particles. A large plasma pressure and a weak magnetic shear in the core give rise to radially extended kinetic AEs, which are stabilized by the high shear at the edge of a divertor (X point) configuration. Large values for the safety factor and the ion Larmor radius in reversed shear operation may h

In the TCV tokamak the sawtooth period and the sawtooth amplitude are observed to depend strongly on the shape of the poloidal plasma cross section. Systematic scans of plasma elongation and triangularity show small sawteeth with short periods at high elongation or low and negative triangularity, and large sawteeth with long periods at low elongation or high triangularity. Additional central electron cyclotron heating power further amplifies the shape dependence of the sawtooth properties. The sawtooth peri

Experiments with high-power electron cyclotron heating (ECH) and current drive (ECCD) in the TCV tokamak are discussed. Power up to 2.7 MW from six gyrotrons is delivered to the tokamak at the second-harmonic frequency (82.7 GHz) in X-mode. The power is transmitted to the plasma by six independent launchers, each equipped with steerable mirrors that allow a wide variety of injection angles in both the poloidal and toroidal directions. Fully non-inductive operation of the tokamak has been achieved in steady

A comparison of experimental measurements and code results to determine flows in the JET SOL

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A mechanical approach to study the bending of the primary cilium in response to fluid flow

3D simulation of the aqueous flow in the eye

Development of steady-state scenarios compatible with ITER-like wall conditions

Plasma wall interaction and its implication in an all tungsten divertor tokamak

Low frequency electromagnetic wave propagation in 3D plasma configurations

Predicted effects of parallel temperature gradients on the overestimation of TCV divertor target Langmuir probe T-e measurements

Mathematical modelling of the cardiovascular system

Evaporation of Refrigerants in a Horizontal tube: An Improved Flow Pattern Dependent Heat Transfer Model Compared to Ammonia Data

Iterative solutions of multimodels for incompressible flows

Stability of Alfven eigenmodes in optimized tokamaks

Effect of triangular and elongated plasma shape on the sawtooth stability

High-power ECH and fully non-inductive operation with ECCD in the TCV tokamak