Spontaneous trimerization in a bilinear-biquadratic S=1 zig-zag chain

Recent theoretical studies raised the possibility of a realization of spin nematic states in the S = 1 triangular lattice compound NiGa2S4. We study the bilinear-biquadratic spin 1 chain in a zig-zag geometry by means of the density matrix renormalization group method and exact diagonalization. We present the phase diagram focusing on antiferromagnetic interactions. Adjacent to the known Haldane-double Haldane and the extended critical phase with dominant spin nematic correlations we find a trimerized phase with a nonvanishing energy gap. We discuss results for different order parameters, energy gaps, correlation functions, and the central charge, and make connection to field theoretical predictions for the phase diagram.