Publications associées à A seismologically consistent compositional model of Earth's core

New tools for phase segmentation and denoising of analytical STEM data for enhanced chemical sensitivity, applied to Earth mantle research

This thesis is dedicated to developing innovative methodologies that improve elemental quantification in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS). The primary motivation stems from a geochemistry pr ...

EPFL2023

Electron temperature fluctuation measurements with Correlation Electron Cyclotron Emission in L-mode and I-mode plasmas at ASDEX Upgrade

Pedro Andres Molina Cabrera

The Correlation Electron Cyclotron Emission (CECE) diagnostic at ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) is used to investigate the features of outer core and pedestal (rho(pol) = 0.85-1.0) turbulence across confinement regime transitions. The I-mode confinement regime is a p ...

E D P SCIENCES2023

The use of ductile steel fuses for the seismic protection of acceleration sensitive non- structural components: Numerical and Experimental verification

Dimitrios Lignos, Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed Elkady

Recent seismic events have showcased the vulnerability of non-structural components to even low- or moderate-intensity earthquakes that occur far more frequently than design-basis ones. Thus, community-critical buildings, such as hospitals, telecommunicati ...

EEME2023

Fluid flow through microcracked and fractured granitic reservoirs

Marie Estelle Solange Violay, Michael Heap, Lucille Jocelyne Nadine Carbillet

The permeability of crustal rocks and rock-masses dictates the efficiency of hydrothermal circulation and therefore the productivity of geothermal resources. In this study, we find by monitoring P-wave velocity that thermal microcracking in Lanhélin granit ...

2023

cRacklet: a spectral boundary integral method library for interfacial rupture simulation

Jean-François Molinari, Fabian Barras, Thibault Didier Roch

The study of dynamically propagating rupture along interfaces is of prime importance in various fields and system sizes, including tribology (nm to m), engineering (mm to m) and geophysics (m to km) (Armstrong-Hélouvry et al., 1994; Ben-Zion, 2008; Vanossi ...

2022

Composition and Pressure Effects on Partitioning of Ferrous Iron in Iron-Rich Lower Mantle Heterogeneities

Marco Cantoni, Philippe Gillet, Farhang Nabiei, Susannah McGregor Dorfman, James Badro, Charles-Edouard Boukaré

Both seismic observations of dense low shear velocity regions and models of magma ocean crystallization and mantle dynamics support enrichment of iron in Earth’s lowermost mantle. Physical properties of iron-rich lower mantle heterogeneities in the modern ...

2021

Investigating Magma Ocean Solidification on Earth Through Laser‐Heated Diamond Anvil Cell Experiments

Marco Cantoni, Cécile Hébert, Philippe Gillet, Farhang Nabiei, James Badro, Charles-Edouard Boukaré

We carried out a series of silicate fractional crystallization experiments at lower mantle pressures using the laser-heated diamond anvil cell. Phase relations and the compositional evolution of the cotectic melt and equilibrium solids along the liquid lin ...

2021

The Effects of Planetary and Stellar Parameters on Brittle Lithospheric Thickness

Marie Estelle Solange Violay, Michael Heap

The thicknesss of the brittle lithosphere—the outer portion of a planetary body that fails via fracturing— plays a key role in the geological processes of that body. The properties of both a planet and its host star can influence that thickness, and the po ...

2021

Relation between Inner Structural Dynamics and Ion Dynamics of Laser-Heated Nanoparticles

Christoph Bostedt

When a nanoparticle is irradiated by an intense laser pulse, it turns into a nanoplasma, a transition that is accompanied by many interesting nonequilibrium dynamics. So far, most experiments on nanoplasmas use ion measurements, reflecting the outside dyna ...

American Physical Society2021

Blocked radiative heat transport in the hot pyrolitic lower mantle

Farhang Nabiei, James Badro, Hélène Marie Piet

The heat flux across the core-mantle boundary (Q(CMB)) is the key parameter to understand the Earth's thermal history and evolution. Mineralogical constraints of the Q(CMB) require deciphering contributions of the lattice and radiative components to the th ...

ELSEVIER2020

Effects of composition and pressure on electronic states of iron in bridgmanite

Arnaud Magrez, Philippe Gillet, Susannah McGregor Dorfman

Electronic states of iron in the lower mantle's dominant mineral, (Mg,Fe,Al)(Fe,Al,Si)O-3 bridgmanite, control physical properties of the mantle including density, elasticity, and electrical and thermal conductivity. However, the determination of electroni ...

MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER2020

Microbial-induced carbonate precipitation applicability with the methane hydrate-bearing layer microbe

Alexandra Clarà Saracho

Production of methane gas from the methane-hydrate-bearing layer below the deep-ocean floor is expected to be crucial in the future of energy resources worldwide. During the methane gas-production phase from the methane hydrate with the depressurisation me ...

ELSEVIER SCI LTD2020

Fault Stability Across the Seismogenic Zone

François Xavier Thibault Passelègue

Across the seismogenic zone, the transition from brittle to plastic deformation corresponds to a semibrittle regime where brittle fracturing and plastic flow coexist at high strength conditions. Thorough experimental investigations on brittle-plastic trans ...

AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION2020

Taking the pulse of volcanic eruptions using plagioclase glomerocrysts

Anders McCarthy, Anders Meibom, Stéphane Laurent Escrig, Pierre Vonlanthen

Crystallization timescales in subvolcanic systems and the consequences of interaction between ascending magmas and gases remain largely unconstrained, as do links between these processes and monitoring signals at restless volcanoes. We apply diffusion chro ...

ELSEVIER2020

Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Investigation of Molten Fe-Si-O in Earth's Core

James Badro

Silicon and oxygen are potential light elements in Earth's core because their stronger affinity to metal observed with increasing temperature posits that significant amounts of both can be incorporated into the core. It was proposed that an Fe-Si-O liquid ...

AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION2019

Reply to Comment by Jennings et al. on "Investigating Earth's Formation History Through Copper and Sulfur Metal-Silicate Partitioning During Core-Mantle Differentiation"

James Badro

Recognizing existing materials that can act as proxies for Earth's building blocks, and understanding the accretionary pathway taken during Earth's growth, persist as outstanding issues in need of resolution. In Mahan, Siebert, Blanchard, Badro, et al. (20 ...

AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION2019

Investigating Earth's Formation History Through Copper and Sulfur Metal-Silicate Partitioning During Core-Mantle Differentiation

James Badro

Identifying extant materials that act as compositional proxies for Earth is key to understanding its accretion. Copper and sulfur are both moderately volatile elements; however, they display different geochemical behavior (e.g., phase affinities). Thus, in ...

AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION2018

Magnesium Partitioning Between Earth's Mantle and Core and its Potential to Drive an Early Exsolution Geodynamo

James Badro

Magnesium partitioning between metal and silicate was experimentally investigated between 34 and 138GPa, 3,500 and 5,450K using laser-heated diamond anvil cells. The 22 measurements are combined with previously published data (total of 49 measurements) to ...

AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION2018

Fe-Ni ideality during core formation on Earth

James Badro

Earth's core is essentially composed of a light-element bearing iron-nickel alloy (Birch 1964). The nickel content in the core has negligible effects on physical properties such as density and compressibility (e.g., Lin et al. 2003; Kantor et al. 2007; Mar ...

MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER2018

Frictional Heating Processes and Energy Budget During Laboratory Earthquakes

François Xavier Thibault Passelègue

During an earthquake, part of the released elastic strain energy is dissipated within the slip zone by frictional and fracturing processes, the rest being radiated away via elastic waves. While frictional heating plays a key role in the energy budget of ea ...

2018