FiberFiber or fibre (British English; from fibra) is a natural or artificial substance that is significantly longer than it is wide. Fibers are often used in the manufacture of other materials. The strongest engineering materials often incorporate fibers, for example carbon fiber and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene. Synthetic fibers can often be produced very cheaply and in large amounts compared to natural fibers, but for clothing natural fibers can give some benefits, such as comfort, over their synthetic counterparts.
Iron oxide nanoparticleIron oxide nanoparticles are iron oxide particles with diameters between about 1 and 100 nanometers. The two main forms are composed of magnetite () and its oxidized form maghemite (γ-). They have attracted extensive interest due to their superparamagnetic properties and their potential applications in many fields (although cobalt and nickel are also highly magnetic materials, they are toxic and easily oxidized) including molecular imaging.
RayonRayon is a semi-synthetic fiber, made from natural sources of regenerated cellulose, such as wood and related agricultural products. It has the same molecular structure as cellulose. It is also called viscose. Many types and grades of viscose fibers and films exist. Some imitate the feel and texture of natural fibers such as silk, wool, cotton, and linen. The types that resemble silk are often called artificial silk. The fibre is used to make textiles for clothing and other purposes.
Fibre synthétiquethumb|Bobines de fils de polyester. Dans le textile, la fibre synthétique est une fibre (ou un fil) produite à partir de matière(s) synthétique(s). Une matière synthétique est une matière obtenue par synthèse de composés chimiques. Ces derniers viennent presque exclusivement d'hydrocarbures ou plus récemment d'amidon. thumb|Fabrication de Perlon, une fibre polyamide, en Allemagne de l'Est en 1959. L'idée de fabriquer des fibres synthétiques date de Robert Hooke en 1664.
Plante à fibresvignette|Fruit du kapokier (Ceiba pentandra). Les plantes à fibres sont des plantes cultivées pour leurs fibres, utilisées traditionnellement pour fabriquer du papier, des tissus, ou des cordages. Les fibres peuvent être améliorées chimiquement, comme dans le cas de la viscose (utilisée pour produire de la rayonne et de la cellophane). Au cours des dernières années, les chercheurs en science des matériaux s'intéressent au potentiel de ces fibres pour de nouveaux matériaux composites.
