Defects Induced Instability of Perovskite Solar Cells

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have demonstrated remarkable potential for photovoltaics, achieving power conversion efficiencies over 27%. However, their commercialization is still hindered by insufficient operational stability under realistic working conditions, including temperature fluctuations, humidity, and continuous illumination. Consolidated experimental evidence indicates that defects in the perovskite bulk and at the interfaces with electron and hole transport layers play a critical role in initiating degradation processes and performance losses. Mitigating defect formation is therefore essential for stabilizing PSCs. This review highlights defect‐induced instability mechanisms associated with ion migration, lattice distortion, and surface chemistry. Furthermore, we discuss recent physical and chemical passivation strategies that enhance device stability without compromising efficiency.