Bicouche lipidiqueupright=1.33|vignette|Représentation d'une bicouche lipidique constituée de phosphoglycérides. Une bicouche lipidique, ou double couche lipidique, est une fine membrane polaire constituée de deux feuillets de molécules de lipides. Ces membranes forment une barrière continue autour des cellules et sont un élément essentiel assurant leur homéostasie, en régulant la diffusion des ions et des molécules à travers elle.
Acide aminé non protéinogèneUn acide aminé non protéinogène est un acide aminé qui ne peut pas être incorporé dans les protéines lors de la traduction de l'ARN messager par les ribosomes. De tels acides aminés peuvent malgré tout être présents dans les protéines, mais dans ce cas ils se forment à partir de résidus d'acides aminés protéinogènes par modification post-traductionnelle ; ils peuvent également ne jamais se trouver dans des protéines et remplir d'autres fonctions physiologiques au sein des cellules.
Acide aminé glucoformateurUn acide aminé glucoformateur est un acide aminé susceptible d'être converti en glucose par la néoglucogenèse, par opposition aux acides aminés lipoformateurs et acides aminés cétoformateurs, qui sont convertis en corps cétoniques par la cétogenèse. La production de glucose à partir de ces acides aminés survient dans le foie lors du jeûne par conversion préalable des acides aminés en α-cétoacides, puis de ces cétoacides en glucose.
Phosphoglycérideupright=1.75|vignette| Structure de différents glycérophospholipides. R1 et R2 représentent deux chaînes latérales d'acide gras, Z étant un résidu de molécule polaire. upright=1.75|vignette|alt=Formule développée d'un phosphoglycérolipide|Formule développée d'une phosphatidylcholine typique : 1. choline, 2. phosphate, 3. glycérol, 4. acide gras insaturé en C2 du résidu, 5. acide gras saturé en C1 du résidu glycérol.
Molecular pathological epidemiologyMolecular pathological epidemiology (MPE, also molecular pathologic epidemiology) is a discipline combining epidemiology and pathology. It is defined as "epidemiology of molecular pathology and heterogeneity of disease". Pathology and epidemiology share the same goal of elucidating etiology of disease, and MPE aims to achieve this goal at molecular, individual and population levels. Typically, MPE utilizes tissue pathology resources and data within existing epidemiology studies.
Lipid metabolismLipid metabolism is the synthesis and degradation of lipids in cells, involving the breakdown and storage of fats for energy and the synthesis of structural and functional lipids, such as those involved in the construction of cell membranes. In animals, these fats are obtained from food and are synthesized by the liver. Lipogenesis is the process of synthesizing these fats. The majority of lipids found in the human body from ingesting food are triglycerides and cholesterol.
Timeline of aging researchThis timeline lists notable events in the history of research into senescence or biological aging, including the research and development of life extension methods, brain aging delay methods and rejuvenation. People have long been interested in making their lives longer and healthier. The most anсient Egyptian, Indian and Chinese books contain reasoning about aging. Ancient Egyptians used garlic in large quantities to extend their lifespan.
Sérine C-palmitoyltransféraseIn enzymology, a serine C-palmitoyltransferase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + L-serine CoA + 3-dehydro-D-sphinganine + CO2 Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are palmitoyl-CoA and L-serine, whereas its 3 products are CoA, 3-dehydro-D-sphinganine, and CO2. This reaction is a key step in the biosynthesis of sphingosine which is a precursor of many other sphingolipids. This enzyme participates in sphingolipid metabolism. It employs one cofactor, pyridoxal phosphate.
Memory and agingAge-related memory loss, sometimes described as "normal aging" (also spelled "ageing" in British English), is qualitatively different from memory loss associated with types of dementia such as Alzheimer's disease, and is believed to have a different brain mechanism. Mild cognitive impairment Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a condition in which people face memory problems more often than that of the average person their age. These symptoms, however, do not prevent them from carrying out normal activities and are not as severe as the symptoms for Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Molecular epidemiologyMolecular epidemiology is a branch of epidemiology and medical science that focuses on the contribution of potential genetic and environmental risk factors, identified at the molecular level, to the etiology, distribution and prevention of disease within families and across populations. This field has emerged from the integration of molecular biology into traditional epidemiological research. Molecular epidemiology improves our understanding of the pathogenesis of disease by identifying specific pathways, molecules and genes that influence the risk of developing disease.
BiogerontologyBiogerontology is the sub-field of gerontology concerned with the biological aging process, its evolutionary origins, and potential means to intervene in the process. The term "biogerontology" was coined by S. Rattan, and came in regular use with the start of the journal BIOGERONTOLOGY in 2000. It involves interdisciplinary research on the causes, effects, and mechanisms of biological aging. Biogerontologist Leonard Hayflick has said that the natural average lifespan for a human is around 92 years and, if humans do not invent new approaches to treat aging, they will be stuck with this lifespan.
Aging in placeThe U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention defines aging in place as "the ability to live in one's own home and community safely, independently, and comfortably, regardless of age, income, or ability level". Research in environmental gerontology indicates the importance of the physical and social environment of housing and the neighborhood (public space), as well as its implications for aging in place. Most adults would prefer to age in place—that is, remain in their home of choice as long as possible.
