Advances in biosensor technologies for infectious diseases detection

Being responsible for almost 15 % of the deaths globally, infectious diseases (IDs) are considered as a major health challenge, which was lately emphasized by the COVID-19 pandemic once again. Data form COVID pandemic revealed that early and timely detection of pathogens plays an undeniable role in controlling the spread of the disease and provides a time-effective medical interventions and more efficient disease management. To address the shortcomings of the traditional methods, the emergence of biosensors facilitated fast, accurate, robust, real-time, and on-site detection of various pathogens. In this paper, the recent advances in the development of biosensing technologies for detection of IDs are comprehensively explored considering their both detection methods (electrochemical, electrochemiluminescence, and capacitive) as well as proposed biorecognition elements (antibodies, aptamers, natural DNA fragments). Furthermore, the role of nanomaterials in enhancing the biosensors' performance are highlighted, while other innovative fluidics, such as paper-based microfabricated systems, are also considered.