Modeling and simulationModeling and simulation (M&S) is the use of models (e.g., physical, mathematical, behavioral, or logical representation of a system, entity, phenomenon, or process) as a basis for simulations to develop data utilized for managerial or technical decision making. In the computer application of modeling and simulation a computer is used to build a mathematical model which contains key parameters of the physical model. The mathematical model represents the physical model in virtual form, and conditions are applied that set up the experiment of interest.
Computer experimentA computer experiment or simulation experiment is an experiment used to study a computer simulation, also referred to as an in silico system. This area includes computational physics, computational chemistry, computational biology and other similar disciplines. Computer simulations are constructed to emulate a physical system. Because these are meant to replicate some aspect of a system in detail, they often do not yield an analytic solution. Therefore, methods such as discrete event simulation or finite element solvers are used.
Stochastic simulationA stochastic simulation is a simulation of a system that has variables that can change stochastically (randomly) with individual probabilities. Realizations of these random variables are generated and inserted into a model of the system. Outputs of the model are recorded, and then the process is repeated with a new set of random values. These steps are repeated until a sufficient amount of data is gathered. In the end, the distribution of the outputs shows the most probable estimates as well as a frame of expectations regarding what ranges of values the variables are more or less likely to fall in.
CSMACSMA est le sigle de Carrier Sense Multiple Access (« Accès multiple avec surveillance de porteuse » ou « Accès multiple avec écoute de la porteuse »). Il s'agit d'un ensemble de protocoles d'accès à un média. Ceux-ci vérifient que le support est disponible avant de commencer l'envoi d'une trame. Ils permettent également de détecter ou bien éviter les collisions de messages dans les transmissions (CSMA/CA, Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance, « Accès multiple avec surveillance de porteuse et évitement de collisions »).
