Early stoppingIn machine learning, early stopping is a form of regularization used to avoid overfitting when training a learner with an iterative method, such as gradient descent. Such methods update the learner so as to make it better fit the training data with each iteration. Up to a point, this improves the learner's performance on data outside of the training set. Past that point, however, improving the learner's fit to the training data comes at the expense of increased generalization error.
Inductive programmingInductive programming (IP) is a special area of automatic programming, covering research from artificial intelligence and programming, which addresses learning of typically declarative (logic or functional) and often recursive programs from incomplete specifications, such as input/output examples or constraints. Depending on the programming language used, there are several kinds of inductive programming.
Méthode de Newtonvignette|Une itération de la méthode de Newton. En analyse numérique, la méthode de Newton ou méthode de Newton-Raphson est, dans son application la plus simple, un algorithme efficace pour trouver numériquement une approximation précise d'un zéro (ou racine) d'une fonction réelle d'une variable réelle. Cette méthode doit son nom aux mathématiciens anglais Isaac Newton (1643-1727) et Joseph Raphson (peut-être 1648-1715), qui furent les premiers à la décrire pour la recherche des solutions d'une équation polynomiale.
Gradient boostingGradient boosting is a machine learning technique used in regression and classification tasks, among others. It gives a prediction model in the form of an ensemble of weak prediction models, i.e., models that make very few assumptions about the data, which are typically simple decision trees. When a decision tree is the weak learner, the resulting algorithm is called gradient-boosted trees; it usually outperforms random forest.
