Analyse mécanique dynamiqueL'analyse mécanique dynamique (AMD) ou spectrométrie mécanique dynamique (, DMA) est une méthode de mesure de la viscoélasticité. Cette méthode d'analyse thermique permet l'étude et la caractérisation des propriétés mécaniques de matériaux viscoélastiques, tels les polymères. Un instrument d'AMD permet de déterminer les grandeurs physiques intrinsèques suivantes : les modules complexes de Young (noté E*) et de Coulomb (G*), et la viscosité complexe (η*) ; le facteur d'amortissement aussi appelé facteur de perte, () ; la température de transition vitreuse (T) qui dépend de la fréquence.
Stress–strain curveIn engineering and materials science, a stress–strain curve for a material gives the relationship between stress and strain. It is obtained by gradually applying load to a test coupon and measuring the deformation, from which the stress and strain can be determined (see tensile testing). These curves reveal many of the properties of a material, such as the Young's modulus, the yield strength and the ultimate tensile strength. Generally speaking, curves representing the relationship between stress and strain in any form of deformation can be regarded as stress–strain curves.
Simple shearSimple shear is a deformation in which parallel planes in a material remain parallel and maintain a constant distance, while translating relative to each other. In fluid mechanics, simple shear is a special case of deformation where only one component of velocity vectors has a non-zero value: And the gradient of velocity is constant and perpendicular to the velocity itself: where is the shear rate and: The displacement gradient tensor Γ for this deformation has only one nonzero term: Simple shear with the rate is the combination of pure shear strain with the rate of 1/2 and rotation with the rate of 1/2: The mathematical model representing simple shear is a shear mapping restricted to the physical limits.
