Experimental and theoretical stability limits of highly elongated tokamak plasmas

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The control of the current, position and shape of an elongated cross-section tokamak plasma is complicated by the instability of the plasma vertical position. In this case the control becomes a significant problem when saturation of the power supplies is considered. Current saturation is relatively benign due to the integrating nature of the tokamak, resulting in a reasonable time horizon for strategically handling this problem. On the other hand, voltage saturation is produced by the feedback controller it

For some time it has not been clear to what extent neutral injected beam ions have a stabilizing influence on sawteeth. To investigate this, the well known toroidal internal kink instability is generalized to account for weakly anisotropic and flowing equilibria. An analytical approach is proposed, which upon employing an appropriate model distribution function, accurately accounts for the hot ion response of neutral beam injection (NBI) to the internal kink mode. Large fluid contributions, which are expect

Research on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak [1] is focused on high particle- and power-density plasma regimes to understand particle and energy transport in the core, the dynamics of the H-mode pedestal, and scrape-off layer and divertor physics. The auxiliary heating is provided exclusively by RF waves, and both the physics and technology of RF heating and current drive are studied. The momentum which is manifested in strong toroidal rotation, in the absence of direct momentum input, has been shown to be transpo

The extreme shaping capabilities of the TCV tokamak have been used to investigate the effect of plasma geometry on the confinement of non-recycling trace impurities injected by means of the laser blow-off technique. The progression of the injected silicon in the core of TCV Ohmic limiter plasmas was followed by the 200-channel soft x-ray (SXR) photodiode array with good spatial and temporal resolution. The results show that the plasma triangularity and elongation play an important role in the impurity confi

A pulse height analysis (PHA) x-ray system has been successfully implemented on the tokamak TCV, aiming at a low cost monitor system of the plasma electron temperature and impurity content. To meet the need for high throughput and fast acquisition, mandatory in tokamaks with relatively short pulse duration and high-energy fluxes, the original germanium detector is being replaced by a Silicon Drifted Detector and the traditional dedicated analog electronics for a Digital X-Ray Signal CAMAC compatible unit. A

The deuterium and helium dynamics in the plasma and subdivertor regions of JET are compared during a sequence of similar ohmic and ICRH pulses where 100% He gas is injected into the JET vacuum vessel, whose graphite walls were previously saturated with deuterium. After the first six He fueled change-over discharges, only He plasma operation was performed. Following this investigation, the situation is reversed and the change-over from an initially saturated He wall is investigated when only D-2 plasma fuell

The electron cyclotron heating (ECH) system in TCV has recently been upgraded to a total of 4.5 MW of installed power. In order to extend the density range of ECH-heated plasmas up to electron densities of 1.2 x 10(20) m(-3), three 0.5 MW gyrotrons at a frequency of 118 GHz have been added to the existing 3 MW second harmonic system operating at a frequency of 82.7 GHz. The launcher consists of a mirror placed at the top of the vessel that collects the power of the three microwave sources and can be steered

Sawtooth inversion radii and profile peaking factors of a large variety of ohmic and ECH heated L mode plasmas, including, elongations up to 2.6 and triangularities between -0.5 and 0.75, have been investigated in the TCV tokamak. In ohmic plasmas, normalized inversion radii and electron temperature profile peaking factors (corrected for sawtoothing effects) depend solely on the parameter (j)/q(0)j(0), irrespective of plasma shape. With ECH this parameter remains the main scaling parameter. Density profiles

Recent operation of JET with centrally strongly reversed magnetic shear, produced with the help of lower hybrid current drive, has extended the domain in which internal transport barriers (ITBs) can be formed in JET. Performance is frequently limited by magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities in these reversed shear regimes. The most severe limit is a pressure driven kink mode which leads to a disruption. This disruptive limit is essentially the same in ITB plasmas with low or strongly reversed shear. Uniqu

Recently, an experimental campaign has been launched on TCV with the aim of exploring and extending the limits of the operating space. The vertical position control system has been optimized, with the help of extensive model calculations, in order to allow operation at the lowest possible stability margin. In addition, the growth rate of the axisymmetric instability has been minimized by choosing optimum values for the plasma triangularity and squareness and by operating close to the current limit imposed b

Neoclassical transport and a particle confinement are analysed for three 3-D reactor designs-the QAS3, the ST/sphellamak hybrid and the sphellamak-using the VENUS code. It is observed that neither the QAS3 nor the ST/sphellamak is truly aquasi-axisymmetric configuration. Thus the transport is governed by the helical deformation of the magnetic Field strength, and these configurations do not effectively confine the trapped a particles. On the other hand, the sphellamak is a nearly isodynamic structure in the

The TCV tokamak (R = 0.88 in, a < 0.25 in, BT < 1.54 T) is equipped with six 0.5 MW gyrotron sources operating at 82.7 GHz for second harmonic X mode ECH. By distributing the ECCD current sources over the discharge cross section, fully driven stationary plasmas with I-p = 210 kA, n(e0) = 2 x 10(19) m(-3), T-e0 approximate to 4 keV, were obtained for the full discharge duration of 2 s. Highly peaked electron temperature profiles with T-e0 up to 12 keV were obtained in central counter-current drive scenarios

Experimental and theoretical stability limits of highly elongated tokamak plasmas

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Enhancing the control of tokamaks via a continuous nonlinear control law

The internal kink mode in an anisotropic flowing plasma with application to modeling neutral beam injected sawtoothing discharges

Overview of recent Alcator C-Mod research

Effects of plasma shape on laser blow-off injected impurity transport in TCV

Real-time signal analysis on the TCV PHA diagnostic

Deuterium to helium plasma-wall change-over experiments in the JET MkII-gas box divertor

Preliminary results of top launch third harmonic X-mode electron cyclotron heating in the TCV tokamak

Shape dependence of sawtooth inversion radii and profile peaking factors in TCV L mode plasmas

MHD stability with strongly reversed magnetic shear in JET

Extension of the TCV operating space towards higher elongation and higher normalized current

Neoclassical transport and alpha particle confinement in novel 3-D reactor systems

Overview of TCV results