Attenuation coefficientThe linear attenuation coefficient, attenuation coefficient, or narrow-beam attenuation coefficient characterizes how easily a volume of material can be penetrated by a beam of light, sound, particles, or other energy or matter. A coefficient value that is large represents a beam becoming 'attenuated' as it passes through a given medium, while a small value represents that the medium had little effect on loss. The SI unit of attenuation coefficient is the reciprocal metre (m−1).
Architectural glassArchitectural glass is glass that is used as a building material. It is most typically used as transparent glazing material in the building envelope, including windows in the external walls. Glass is also used for internal partitions and as an architectural feature. When used in buildings, glass is often of a safety type, which include reinforced, toughened and laminated glasses. 1226: "Broad Sheet" first produced in Sussex. 1330: "Crown glass" for art work and vessels first produced in Rouen, France.
Time signalA time signal is a visible, audible, mechanical, or electronic signal used as a reference to determine the time of day. Church bells or voices announcing hours of prayer gave way to automatically operated chimes on public clocks; however, audible signals (even signal guns) have limited range. Busy seaports used a visual signal, the dropping of a ball, to allow mariners to check the chronometers used for navigation. The advent of electrical telegraphs allowed widespread and precise distribution of time signals from central observatories.
Traitement antirefletvignette|Schéma de principe d'un traitement antireflet. On observe un phénomène d'interférence dans la couche de traitement d'une épaisseur de λ/4. Un traitement antireflet est un traitement de surface permettant de diminuer la part de lumière réfléchie et donc augmenter la part de lumière transmise au travers d'un dioptre. Il existe plusieurs méthodes : certaines consistent à déposer un assemblage lamellaire de matériaux diélectriques en surface, d'autres à effectuer une corrugation de la surface du matériau.
Horloge radio-pilotéevignette|Atomic clock Une horloge radio-pilotée (en Anglais RCC, qui signifie Radio-Controlled Clock) est une horloge qui est synchronisée sur un signal horaire émis par une station disposant d'une référence de temps, par exemple une horloge atomique. Une horloge radio-pilotée peut être synchronisée sur les signaux d'un émetteur unique comme DCF77, Allouis, ou bien sur de multiples émetteurs comme les satellites GPS. Les horloges radio-pilotées peuvent être des horloges décoratives, des montres, des horloges d'ordinateur, ou d'autres systèmes qui ont besoin de disposer de l'heure avec précision.
Sputter depositionSputter deposition is a physical vapor deposition (PVD) method of thin film deposition by the phenomenon of sputtering. This involves ejecting material from a "target" that is a source onto a "substrate" such as a silicon wafer. Resputtering is re-emission of the deposited material during the deposition process by ion or atom bombardment. Sputtered atoms ejected from the target have a wide energy distribution, typically up to tens of eV (100,000 K).
