Human computation for data, information, and knowledge management

The paradigm of Human Computation has grown rapidly in recent years and has thus sparked great interest in both the industry and the research community. In this survey, we give an overview of the state-of-the-art of human computation in the context of data, information, and knowledge management (DIKM). On the one hand, we study how to use human intelligence to solve computation problems in DIKM applications such as data acquisition, data analysis, data curation, data storage, and data usage. On the other hand, we study how to help computational systems to solve human problems by understanding human needs. Towards this goal, we cover the kinds of human-computation systems; the various techniques for design and dissemination of tasks for human interaction; the methods employed for reconciling human inputs against given tasks and determining the quality of those inputs; and the various kinds of applications based on human computation.