Grand Challenges for Global Brain Sciences

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Roadmap on Machine learning in electronic structure

Michele Ceriotti, Andrea Grisafi, Max David Veit, Jigyasa Nigam

In recent years, we have been witnessing a paradigm shift in computational materials science. In fact, traditional methods, mostly developed in the second half of the XXth century, are being complemented, extended, and sometimes even completely replaced by ...

IOP Publishing Ltd2022

A Canvas for the Ethical Design of Learning Experiences with Digital Tools

Denis Gillet, Roland John Tormey, Patrick Jermann, Adrian Christian Holzer, Jessica Elke Dehler Zufferey, Cécile Hardebolle

The use of digital tools has drastically increased in engineering education, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. These tools generate important ethical issues, in particular in terms of privacy and fairness. However, very few teacher training programmes ...

2022

Validation of spent nuclear fuel decay heat calculations using Polaris, ORIGEN and CASMO5

Andreas Pautz, Dimitri Rochman, Stefano Caruso, Ahmed Salaheldin Ahmed Shama

Decay heat calculations of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) using Polaris and ORIGEN codes in the SCALE code sys-tem, and CASMO5 code, are validated using measurements from the Clab and GE-Morris facilities. Multiple hypothesis testing, relying on permutations and ...

PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD2022

Data-Driven Predictive Models: Calculational Bias in Characterization of Spent Nuclear Fuel

Ahmed Salaheldin Ahmed Shama

Characteristics of the spent nuclear fuel (SNF) are typically calculated, requiring validation a priori. The validation process relies on the difference between calculations and measurements, namely the bias. Usually, predicting the bias based on benchmark ...

EPFL2022

Game-theoretic Mechanisms for Eliciting Accurate Information

Boi Faltings

Artificial Intelligence often relies on information obtained from others through crowdsourcing, federated learning, or data markets. It is crucial to ensure that this data is accurate. Over the past 20 years, a variety of incentive mechanisms have been dev ...

2022

Removing Algorithmic Discrimination (With Minimal Individual Error)

Rachid Guerraoui, El Mahdi El Mhamdi, Alexandre David Olivier Maurer, Le Nguyen Hoang

We address for the first time the problem of correcting group discriminations within a score function, while minimizing the individual error. Each group is described by a probability density function on the set of profiles. We first solve the problem analy ...

2022

Expanding biochemical knowledge and illuminating metabolic dark matter with ATLASx

Vassily Hatzimanikatis, Jasmin Maria Hafner, Anastasia Sveshnikova

Metabolic "dark matter" describes currently unknown metabolic processes, which form a blind spot in our general understanding of metabolism and slow down the development of biosynthetic cell factories and naturally derived pharmaceuticals. Mapping the dark ...

Nature Portfolio2022

Delayed Hydride Cracking in Irradiated and Unirradiated Zircaloy-2 Cladding

Aaron William Colldeweih

Zirconium alloys used in the nuclear industry are exposed to extreme conditions undergoing high levels of irradiation damage and corrosion. Zircaloy-2 is used as nuclear fuel cladding in boiling water reactors and for the encapsulation of the spallation ta ...

EPFL2022

Rebooting Virtual Memory with Midgard

Babak Falsafi, Mathias Josef Payer, Siddharth Gupta, Atri Bhattacharyya, Yunho Oh, Abhishek Bhattacharjee

Computer systems designers are building cache hierarchies with higher capacity to capture the ever-increasing working sets of modern workloads. Cache hierarchies with higher capacity improve system performance but shift the performance bottleneck to addres ...

2021