Air concentration distribution in deflector-jets

As an alternative to ski jumps, deflectors can be implemented on spillways to generate free jets. They guide, up to a certain limit, the jet to an achieved location onto the plunge pool surface, and furthermore enhance the process of jet disintegration. The present research addresses the following aspects, derived from physical model tests: (1) length and shape of the jet black-water core and further characteristic air concentration contour lines, (2) streamwise development of average and minimum sectional air concentrations, as well as jet thickness, and (3) sectional air concentration profiles along the jet. It is shown that all mentioned parameters depend only on the relative blackwater core length, being a function of the approach flow characteristics, the deflector geometry and the chute slope.