Sewer miningSewer mining (or sewage mining) is a concept where municipal wastewater (sewage) is pumped from a trunk sewer and treated on-site to accommodate a range of local, nonpotable water needs. It is a strategy for combating water scarcity. It combines decentralized wastewater management and water reclamation. Since 2012, it is used as a tool for improving water management and promoting reuse of water in Australia. A sewer mining scheme typically consists of: A connection to the central wastewater system for the purpose of extracting wastewater.
Eaux uséesLes eaux usées (ou eaux résiduaires, eaux résiduelles, eaux d'égout, aussi appelées « effluents liquides ») sont des « eaux polluées » par un usage humain, constituées de toutes les eaux de nature à contaminer les milieux dans lesquels elles sont déversées, par des polluants physiques, chimiques ou biologiques. vignette|upright|Des eaux grises (un type d'eaux usées) dans un bassin de décantation Les eaux usées proviennent de différentes combinaison d'activités domestiques, industrielles, commerciales ou agricoles, du ruissèlement de surface (eau de ruissèlement) et de toute entrée d'égout ou infiltration d'égout.
Sanitary sewer overflowSanitary sewer overflow (SSO) is a condition in which untreated sewage is discharged from a sanitary sewer into the environment prior to reaching sewage treatment facilities. When caused by rainfall it is also known as wet weather overflow. Causes of sanitary sewer overflows include: Blockage of sewer lines, infiltration/Inflow of excessive stormwater into sewer lines during heavy rainfall, malfunction of pumping station lifts or electrical power failure, broken sewer lines.
ÉgoutLe plus fréquemment souterrain, un égout est une canalisation ou une conduite en maçonnerie destinée à collecter et à évacuer les différentes eaux, qu'elles soient naturelles telles que les eaux de ruissellement et les eaux pluviales ou produites par l'activité humaine comme les eaux de lavage, les eaux de drainage ou encore les eaux usées (eaux ménagères et eaux-vannes ; eaux grises). vignette|La rue de la Porte mordelaise menant à la cathédrale de Rennes.
Vacuum sewerA vacuum sewer or pneumatic sewer system is a method of transporting sewage from its source to a sewage treatment plant. It maintains a partial vacuum, with an air pressure below atmospheric pressure inside the pipe network and vacuum station collection vessel. Valves open and reseal automatically when the system is used, so differential pressure can be maintained without expending much energy pumping. A single central vacuum station can collect the wastewater of several thousand individual homes, depending on terrain and the local situation.
Urban designUrban design is an approach to the design of buildings and the spaces between them that focuses on specific design processes and outcomes. In addition to designing and shaping the physical features of towns, cities, and regional spaces, urban design considers 'bigger picture' issues of economic, social and environmental value and social design. The scope of a project can range from a local street or public space to an entire city and surrounding areas.
Zone urbainevignette|Répartition mondiale des 400 principales zones urbaines qui rassemblent au moins un million d'habitants en 2006. Une zone urbaine, appelée aussi espace urbain, est un établissement humain à forte densité de population comportant une infrastructure d'environnement bâti. Les zones urbaines sont créées par urbanisation et sont classées par morphologie urbaine en tant que villes, cités, agglomérations ou banlieues.
Built environmentThe term built environment refers to human-made conditions and is often used in architecture, landscape architecture, urban planning, public health, sociology, and anthropology, among others. These curated spaces provide the setting for human activity and were created to fulfill human desires and needs. The term can refer to a plethora of components including the traditionally associated buildings, cities, public infrastructure, transportation, open space, as well as more conceptual components like farmlands, dammed rivers, wildlife management, and even domesticated animals.
Traitement des eaux usées agricolesdroite|vignette|Zone riparienne tampon bordant un ruisseau dans l'Iowa. Le traitement des eaux usées agricoles est un programme de gestion agricole visant à contrôler la pollution provenant des eaux de ruissellement pouvant être contaminées par des produits chimiques par les engrais, pesticides, lisiers, résidus de cultures ou l’eau d’irrigation. La pollution de source non ponctuelle provenant des fermes est causée par le ruissellement de surface des champs pendant les tempêtes de pluie.
Roadway air dispersion modelingRoadway air dispersion modeling is the study of air pollutant transport from a roadway or other linear emitter. Computer models are required to conduct this analysis, because of the complex variables involved, including vehicle emissions, vehicle speed, meteorology, and terrain geometry. Line source dispersion has been studied since at least the 1960s, when the regulatory framework in the United States began requiring quantitative analysis of the air pollution consequences of major roadway and airport projects.
Wastewater quality indicatorsWastewater quality indicators are laboratory test methodologies to assess suitability of wastewater for disposal, treatment or reuse. The main parameters in sewage that are measured to assess the sewage strength or quality as well as treatment options include: solids, indicators of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, indicators of fecal contamination. Tests selected vary with the intended use or discharge location. Tests can measure physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the wastewater.
Osmose inversethumb|Système de filtre à osmose inverse|219x219px thumb|Système de filtre à osmose inverse L’osmose inverse est un système de purification de l'eau contenant des matières en solution par un système de filtrage très fin qui ne laisse passer que les molécules d'eau. L'eau comporte des solutés, particulièrement des sels.
