Spatially and genetically distinct control of seed germination by phytochromes A and B

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Type systems usually characterize the shape of values but not their free variables. However, many desirable safety properties could be guaranteed if one knew the free variables captured by values. We describe CC

Concepts of type and typology are not specific to architecture. Rather they represent an interdisciplinary approach to ordering knowledge and gaining insight. In the field of architecture, the study of types and typology offers a didactic perspective that ...

Not all agricultural practices are sustainable; however, non-thermal plasma treatment of seeds may be an eco-friendly alternative to improve macroscopic plant growth parameters. Despite the numerous successful results of plasma-seed treatments reported in ...

The plant ultraviolet-B (UV-B) photoreceptor UVR8 plays an important role in UV-B acclimation and survival. UV-B absorption by homodimeric UVR8 induces its monomerization and interaction with the E3 ubiquitin ligase COP1, leading ultimately to gene express ...

Snapping of a slender structure is utilized in a wide range of natural and manmade systems, mostly to achieve rapid movement without relying on musclelike elements. Although several mechanisms for elastic energy storage and rapid release have been studied ...

Modern, statically typed programming languages provide various abstraction facilities at both the term- and type-level. Common abstraction mechanisms for types include parametric polymorphism -- a hallmark of functional languages -- and subtyping -- which ...

Performance critical software is almost always developed in C, as programmers do not trust high-level languages to deliver the same reliable performance. This is bad because low-level code in unsafe languages attracts security vulnerabilities and because d ...

Industry and academia are continuously becoming more data-driven and data-intensive, relying on the analysis of a wide variety of datasets to gain insights. At the same time, data variety increases continuously across multiple axes. First, data comes in mu ...

While type soundness proofs are taught in every graduate PL class, the gap between realistic languages and what is accessible to formal proofs is large. In the case of Scala, it has been shown that its formal model, the Dependent Object Types (DOT) calculu ...

A scalable programming language is one in which the same concepts can describe small as well as large parts. Towards this goal, Scala unifies concepts from object and module systems. In particular, objects can contain type members, which can be selected as ...

High-level languages allow programmers to express data structures and algorithms that abstract over the type of data they handle. This improves code reuse and makes it possible to develop general-purpose libraries. Yet, data abstractions slow down program ...

The Locomotive Assignment Problem (LAP) is a class of planning and scheduling problems solved by assigning a fleet of locomotives to a network of trains. In the planning versions of the LAP, the type of consist (a group of linked locomotives) assigned to e ...

Plant growth is strongly influenced by the presence of neighbors that compete for light resources. In response to vegetational shading shade-intolerant plants such as Arabidopsis display a suite of developmental responses known as the shade-avoidance syndr ...

We propose a new type-theoretic foundation of Scala and languages like it: the Dependent Object Types (DOT) calculus. DOT models Scala’s path-dependent types, abstract type members and its mixture of nominal and structural typing through the use of reﬁneme ...

Visual backward masking is a commonly used technique in vision research and psychology. There are two distinct types of masking. Either masking is strongest for a simultaneous presentation of the target and the mask (A-type masking) or masking is strongest ...

Cadmium and zinc show similarities in their chemistry, geochemistry and environmental properties. Whereas Cd is a phytotoxic non-essential element, Zn is an essential trace element for plant growth and development. Zinc plays a fundamental role in several ...

In this paper, we present an application of RFIDs for supply-chain management. In our application, we consider two types of readers. On one part, we have readers that will mark tags at given points. After that, these tags can be checked by another type of ...

Performance usually improves when observers train with one type of a visual stimulus. Roving denotes the situation when, instead of one, two or more types of stimuli are presented randomly interleaved (one per trial). For some stimulus types, performance i ...

Question: What is the effect of gap size on the seedling emergence, growth and survival of four common tree species in wooded pastures? Location: A pasture in the Jura mountains, Switzerland. Methods: Seeds were sown in a complete three-way factorial desig ...

Spatially and genetically distinct control of seed germination by phytochromes A and B

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Capturing Types

Studies on Types: Dormitories

RNA Sequencing of Arabidopsis thaliana Seedlings after Non-Thermal Plasma-Seed Treatment Reveals Upregulation in Plant Stress and Defense Pathways

A constitutively monomeric UVR8 photoreceptor confers enhanced UV-B photomorphogenesis

Twist-Induced Snapping in a Bent Elastic Rod and Ribbon

Higher-Order Subtyping with Type Intervals

LMS-Verify: Abstraction without Regret for Verified Systems Programming’

Just-in-time Analytics Over Heterogeneous Data and Hardware

Type Soundness Proofs with Definitional Interpreters

Dependent Object Types

Compile-Time Type-Driven Data Representation Transformations in Object-Oriented Languages

Introducing a preliminary Consists Selection in the Locomotive Assignment Problem

Phytochrome interacting factors 4 and 5 control seedling growth in changing light conditions by directly controlling auxin signaling

Dependent Object Types

The roles of mask luminance and perceptual grouping in visual backward masking

Increased tolerance of sunflower mutant seedlings to Cd and Zn in hydroponic culture

Pathchecker: An RFID application for tracing products in Supply-chains

Roving in perceptual learning: stimulus interference and overlapping neural populations

Competitive effects of herbaceous vegetation on tree seedling emergence, growth and survival: does gap size matter?