Face Recognition Systems Under Spoofing Attacks

In this chapter, we give an overview of spoofing attacks and spoofing countermeasures for face recognition systems , with a focus on visual spectrum systems (VIS) in 2D and 3D, as well as near-infrared (NIR) and multispectral systems . We cover the existing types of spoofing attacks and report on their success to bypass several state-of-the-art face recognition systems. The results on two different face spoofing databases in VIS and one newly developed face spoofing database in NIR show that spoofing attacks present a significant security risk for face recognition systems in any part of the spectrum. The risk is partially reduced when using multispectral systems. We also give a systematic overview of the existing anti-spoofing techniques, with an analysis of their advantages and limitations and prospective for future work.