Foyer (optique)En optique géométrique, un foyer est un point vers lequel convergent les rayons lumineux issus d'un point après leur passage dans un système optique. Son nom provient de l'extension du sens mathématique. Ce terme concorde avec son étymologie puisqu'il est possible d'allumer un feu à l'aide d'une lentille convergente en concentrant les rayons du Soleil en un seul point : le foyer (technique employée selon la légende par Archimède). Le concept de foyer nécessite d'avoir un système stigmatique (au moins de manière approchée ou dans l'approximation de Gauss).
Lame (microscopie)A microscope slide is a thin flat piece of glass, typically 75 by 26 mm (3 by 1 inches) and about 1 mm thick, used to hold objects for examination under a microscope. Typically the object is mounted (secured) on the slide, and then both are inserted together in the microscope for viewing. This arrangement allows several slide-mounted objects to be quickly inserted and removed from the microscope, labeled, transported, and stored in appropriate slide cases or folders etc.
Defocus aberrationIn optics, defocus is the aberration in which an image is simply out of focus. This aberration is familiar to anyone who has used a camera, videocamera, microscope, telescope, or binoculars. Optically, defocus refers to a translation of the focus along the optical axis away from the detection surface. In general, defocus reduces the sharpness and contrast of the . What should be sharp, high-contrast edges in a scene become gradual transitions. Fine detail in the scene is blurred or even becomes invisible.
