Stöber processThe Stöber process is a chemical process used to prepare silica (SiO2) particles of controllable and uniform size for applications in materials science. It was pioneering when it was reported by Werner Stöber and his team in 1968, and remains today the most widely used wet chemistry synthetic approach to silica nanoparticles. It is an example of a sol-gel process wherein a molecular precursor (typically tetraethylorthosilicate) is first reacted with water in an alcoholic solution, the resulting molecules then joining together to build larger structures.
Pôle de l'écliptiqueEn astronomie, les deux pôles de l'écliptique ou pôles écliptiques sont les points d'intersection de la sphère céleste et d'un axe perpendiculaire au plan de l'écliptique et passant par le centre de la Terre. Actuellement, le pôle Nord de l'écliptique ou pôle écliptique boréal est situé dans la constellation du Dragon, par (par définition) d'ascension droite (soit 270°) et de déclinaison, près de la galaxie NGC 6552 et de la nébuleuse planétaire NGC 6543.
Potential applications of graphenePotential graphene applications include lightweight, thin, and flexible electric/photonics circuits, solar cells, and various medical, chemical and industrial processes enhanced or enabled by the use of new graphene materials. In 2008, graphene produced by exfoliation was one of the most expensive materials on Earth, with a sample the area of a cross section of a human hair costing more than 1,000asofApril2008(about100,000,000/cm2). Since then, exfoliation procedures have been scaled up, and now companies sell graphene in large quantities. SeashellA seashell or sea shell, also known simply as a shell, is a hard, protective outer layer usually created by an animal or organism that lives in the sea. The shell is part of the body of the animal. Empty seashells are often found washed up on beaches by beachcombers. The shells are empty because the animal has died and the soft parts have decomposed or been eaten by another animal. A seashell is usually the exoskeleton of an invertebrate (an animal without a backbone), and is typically composed of calcium carbonate or chitin.
Pôle célesteEn astronomie, les deux pôles célestes sont les points de la sphère céleste vers lesquels pointe l'axe de rotation de la Terre et autour desquels le ciel semble donc tourner. Ces pôles célestes sont des points de référence importants pour les astronomes et les géographes, la détermination de leur position sur la voûte céleste est fondamentale. L'axe de rotation de la Terre n'est pas fixe avec le temps (voir précession des équinoxes et oscillation de Chandler), ainsi la position des deux pôles célestes varie au cours du temps.
