2,2-Di(ethoxy)vinyllithium: a synthetic equivalent of the ethyl acetate anion

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Purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB) are phototrophic organisms that have raised interest for both industrial and domestic wastewater treatment and valorization because of their very high assimilation (~1 g CODX g-1 COD substrate) and valuable compounds production (i.e hydrogen, polyhydroxyalkanoates, pigments). PNSB have been studied mostly in pure- or co-cultures with fermentative bacteria. Mixed cultures have been little described. This work aims to enrich a stable association of fermenters and PNSB on a ca

In this study, we attempt for the first time to couple sonication and photo-Fenton for bacterial inactivation of secondary treated effluent. Synthetic wastewater was subjected to sequential high-frequency/low power sonication, followed by mild photo-Fenton treatment, under a solar simulator. It was followed by the assessment of the contribution of each component of the process (Fenton, US, hv) towards the removal rate and the long-term survival; sunlight greatly improved the treatment efficiency, with the c

This is a comparative study of photolytic degradation under exposure to UV254 nm and solar-simulator irradiation of a mixture of eight equally concentrated relevant micropollutants (atenolol, benzotriazole, clarithromycin, gabapentin, methylbenzotriazole, metformin, metoprolol and primidone; 2 µM of each compound) in the presence of H2O2 and Fe(II) in ultrapure water, Lake Geneva water, and effluent from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The results indicate that the oxidation rate increased in the prese

The general topic of this research project is the modelling of wastewater treatment processes for anaerobic digestion effluents, which are characterized by high nitrogen concentrations. In order to avoid eutrophication of lakes and rivers caused by nutrient enrichment as it happened in Switzerland a few decades ago, the implementation of efficient nitrogen removal processes for those effluents remains nowadays of importance. Moreover nitrogen removal will even become a pre-requisite for efficient micropollu

Context Worldwide: FS production much larger than treated volumes In Vietnam: • Urban households required to own septic tanks • Combined onsite and centralized sanitation • FS emptying frequency up to 10 years or more Negligible FS volumes treated before discharge PURR: Partnership for Urban Resource Recovery • Developing knowledge for adequate FS treatment in urban Vietnam • Testing feasibility of anaerobic digestion for FS treatment Study goal To understand the local context and factors influencing the se

Many organic micropollutants present in wastewater, such as pharmaceuticals and pesticides, are poorly removed in conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). To reduce the release of these substances into the aquatic environment, advanced wastewater treatments are necessary. In this context, two large-scale pilot advanced treatments were tested in parallel over more than one year at the municipal WWTP of Lausanne, Switzerland. The treatments were: i) oxidation by ozone followed by sand filtration (SF)

Many hydrophilic organic compounds present at low concentrations in municipal wastewater, such as several pharmaceuticals, biocides and pesticides, are recalcitrant in conventional wastewater treatment plants. To improve the biodegradation of these compounds, oxidoreductase enzymes such as laccases could be used. Laccase activity is, however, strongly dependent on the conditions of the treatment such as pH, temperature, reaction time and enzyme concentration. In this study, the optimal conditions for the de

Even though ozone has been applied for a long time for disinfection and oxidation in water treatment, there is lack of critical information related to transformation of organic compounds. This has become more important in recent years, because there is considerable concern about the formation of potentially harmful degradation products as well as oxidation products from the reaction with the matrix components. In recent years, a wealth of information on the products that are formed has accumulated, and subs

Understanding and predicting the fate in soils and other porous media of solid mineral particles with grain diameters in the micrometer range is important in a number of environmental and civil engineering applications, including subsurface hydrology, wastewater treatment and oil/gas production. In this context, deep-bed filtration theory is commonly applied to model particle detachment and deposition. Most existing models however neglect some processes that can modify groundwater flow patterns, particle co

Many organic micropollutants present in wastewater, such as pharmaceuticals and pesticides, are poorly removed in conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). To reduce the release of these substances into the aquatic environment, advanced treatments are necessary. Two advanced treatments were tested in pilot systems over more than one year at the municipal WWTP of Lausanne, Switzerland. The first pilot involves the ozonation of the effluent to oxidize organic substances. It is followed by sand filtrati

The goal of the study was to test 3 parameters and to evaluate their importance on the start-up of aerobic granular biofilm reactors. Aerobic granules are bacterial aggregates that have a minimum size of 0.2 mm. They can treat the influent COD, phosphate and nitrogen. The 3 tested parameters were the COD concentration, the Dissolved Oxygen (DO) concentration and the addition of Allylthiourea (ATU). These parameters were tested with a Hadamar matrix of experiment. We made 4 experiments with 4 strategies that

Trifluoromethoxy-substituted anilines undergo hydrogen/lithium permutation ("metalation") with optional site selectivity depending on the N-protective group employed. N-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-2- and -4-(trifluoromethoxy)aniline react with tert-BuLi at the nitrogen-adjacent 6- and 2-position affording, after electrophilic trapping, the corresponding substituted anilines I (R1 = F3CO, R2 = H, R3 = HO2C; R1 = H, R2 = F3CO, R3 = Me, CHO, HO2C, HOCH2CH2). In contrast, deprotonation of the N,N-bis(trimethylsilyl)-

5-amino-6-methyl-2-benzimidazolone (AMBI), used in the manufacture of dyes, was characterised as a biorecalcitrant compound by means of different biodegradability tests. In order to enhance the biodegradability of this important pollutant, the application of Advanced Oxidation Process (AOPs) as a pre-treatment was explored. Some experiments were addressed to find the most efficient AOP. The systems H2O2/hv, TiO2/H2O2/hv, Fe3+/hv, Fe3+/H2O2 and Fe3+/H2O2/hv were compared. The photo-Fenton system was the most

The electrochem. behavior of PbO2 and synthetic B-doped diamond thin film electrodes (BDDs) was studied in acid media contg. 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) by bulk electrolysis under different exptl. conditions. To quantify the electrochem. activity of a given electrode, for the electrochem. oxidn. of org. compds. (4-CP), the current efficiency of the anodic oxidn. was normalized taking into consideration mass-transport limitations. The normalized current efficiency (j) was defined as the ratio between the current e

Water management in urban areas is a complex task because of the several interactions that exist between the different facets of the urban water system (surface and subsurface water, sewer system, water supply system, water and wastewater treatment plant, etc) and the many stakeholders in this context. It is necessary to reconsider current practices in order to shift from a sectored approach towards an integrated and global one. Such an approach implies that for each decision that has to be taken or each op

After treatment with an appropriate base (butyllithium or sodium amide), 2-alkenyltris(2-methoxymethoxyphenyl)phosphonium salts carrying an allyl, crotyl, or prenyl (3-methyl-2-butenyl) side chain condense with satd. or unsatd. aldehydes to give conjugated dienes with Z/E ratios ranging from 90:10 to > 99:1 and averaging 96:4. Owing to steric congestion, yields are only moderate (on av. 41%; extremes 10-79%). The nonvolatile tris(2-methoxymethoxyphenyl)phosphine oxide byproduct can be readily isolated and r

Target factor analysis (TFA) has been used successfully with reaction data to determine, without knowledge of reaction kinetics, the number of independent reactions and the corresponding stoichiometries. This paper analyzes the applicability of TFA techniques to reaction data on the basis of concentration measurements. It is shown that, in some cases, a data matrix that is well suited to existing TFA techniques can be constructed from concentration measurements, material exchange terms, and initial conditio

Repeated applications of Cu for phytosanitary treatments of vineyards and orchards have contributed to a considerable increase of Cu levels in soils over the last decades. Therefore the risk of migration and Cu contamination of the groundwater and the drinking water supply has also increased. In order to contribute to a better understanding of these parameters, which control either the retention of Cu to soil or its mobilisation, a study has been carried out on the translocation of Cu in low polluted soils

A review with 15 refs. with application examples, including mechanism of electrochem. oxidn. of org. compds. in aq. soln., anodic oxidn. of phenol over PbO2, characteristic parameters of electrochem. treatment, and economic considerations. [on SciFinder (R)]

Implantation of Ni ions into pure aluminium shows the formation of amorphous zones (AZ). Measurements by energy dispersive spectrometry attribute to the amorphous zones at Ni concentration of 25 at.%. These amorphous regions are relatively stable under heating and persist after post-implantation treatment. To understand microscopically this stability, molecular dynamic simulations (MD) are done. Using embedded atom method potentials, an amorphous Al3Ni is first obtained. The melting temperature determined f

2,2-Di(ethoxy)vinyllithium: a synthetic equivalent of the ethyl acetate anion

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Wastewater and green waste biorefinery Degradation of simple sugars using mixed cultures of purple non-sulfur bacteria: an insight into microbial interactions

Ultrasound enhancement of near-neutral photo-Fenton for effective E. coli inactivation in wastewater

Comparative behavior of relevant micropollutants in different water matrices by uv254 and simulated solar light irradiation and neutral photo-fenton process

Wastewater treatment processes modelling for anaerobic digestion effluents

Selecting appropriate treatment technologies for faecal sludge (FS) from onsite sanitation systems

Treatment of micropollutants in municipal wastewater: Ozone or powdered activated carbon?

Determination of optimal conditions for the degradation of micropollutants by laccase from Trametes versicolor

Chemistry of Ozone in Water and Wastewater Treatment

Modelling migration and dissolution of mineral particles in saturated porous media

Elimination of micropollutants in wastewater treatment plants: Ozonation or activated carbon? Conclusions of a one-year pilot project

Multi-parameter study on the start-up phase in aerobic granular sludge technology for wastewater treatment

Trifluoromethoxy Substituted Anilines: Metalation as the Key Step for Structural Elaboration

Photochemical-biological treatment of a real industrial biorecalcitrant wastewater containing 5-amino-6-methyl-2-benzimidazolone

Electrochemical oxidation of 4-chlorophenol for wastewater treatment. Definition of normalized current efficiency (j)

Processus métier et composants logiciels pour la gestion intégrée des eaux en milieu urbain

Bridging the final gap in stereocontrolled Wittig reactions: methoxymethoxy-armed allylic phosphorus ylides affording conjugated dienes with high cis selectivity

Target Factor Analysis of Reaction Data: Use of Data Pre-treatment and Reaction-Invariant Relationships

Translocation of copper in an alpine chronosequence by phenolic-type vectors

Electrochemical treatment of wastewater containing toxic organic substances

Stability of Al0.75Ni0.25 amorphous zones induced by Ni ion implantation into pure aluminium