Client-serveurLe protocole ou environnement client–serveur désigne un mode de transmission d'information (souvent à travers un réseau) entre plusieurs programmes ou processus : l'un, qualifié de client, envoie des requêtes ; l'autre, qualifié de serveur, attend les requêtes des clients et y répond. Le serveur offre ici un service au client. Par extension, le client désigne souvent l'ordinateur sur lequel est exécuté le logiciel client, et le serveur, l'ordinateur sur lequel est exécuté le logiciel serveur.
Mass surveillanceMass surveillance is the intricate surveillance of an entire or a substantial fraction of a population in order to monitor that group of citizens. The surveillance is often carried out by local and federal governments or governmental organizations, such as organizations like the NSA, but it may also be carried out by corporations (either on behalf of governments or at their own initiative). Depending on each nation's laws and judicial systems, the legality of and the permission required to engage in mass surveillance varies.
Adaptive bitrate streamingAdaptive bitrate streaming is a technique used in streaming multimedia over computer networks. While in the past most video or audio streaming technologies utilized streaming protocols such as RTP with RTSP, today's adaptive streaming technologies are based almost exclusively on HTTP, and are designed to work efficiently over large distributed HTTP networks. Adaptive bitrate streaming works by detecting a user's bandwidth and CPU capacity in real time, adjusting the quality of the media stream accordingly.
Vidéosurveillance algorithmiqueLa vidéosurveillance algorithmique (VSA) est un système de vidéosurveillance utilisant l'intelligence artificielle. Parfois également appelés vidéosurveillance "intelligente", "automatisée" ou "augmentées", cet outil permet d'analyser automatiquement des images par des logiciels pour reconnaitre par exemple des mouvements suspects, des formes. La vidéosurveillance algorithmique permet d'analyser en temps réel les flux vidéos grâce à un logiciel qui se connecte au réseau existant des caméras en mettant de la “détection” et “tracking”.
Video coding formatA video coding format (or sometimes video compression format) is a content representation format for storage or transmission of digital video content (such as in a data file or bitstream). It typically uses a standardized video compression algorithm, most commonly based on discrete cosine transform (DCT) coding and motion compensation. A specific software, firmware, or hardware implementation capable of compression or decompression to/from a specific video coding format is called a video codec.
Comparison of video codecsΑ video codec is software or a device that provides encoding and decoding for digital video, and which may or may not include the use of video compression and/or decompression. Most codecs are typically implementations of video coding formats. The compression may employ lossy data compression, so that quality-measurement issues become important. Shortly after the compact disc became widely available as a digital-format replacement for analog audio, it became feasible to also store and use video in digital form.
Digital videoDigital video is an electronic representation of moving visual images (video) in the form of encoded digital data. This is in contrast to analog video, which represents moving visual images in the form of analog signals. Digital video comprises a series of s displayed in rapid succession, usually at 24, 30, or 60 frames per second. Digital video has many advantages such as easy copying, multicasting, sharing and storage. Digital video was first introduced commercially in 1986 with the Sony D1 format, which recorded an uncompressed standard-definition component video signal in digital form.
Internet videoInternet video (also known as online video) is digital video that is distributed over the internet. Internet video exists in several formats, the most notable being MPEG-4i AVC, AVCHD, FLV, and . There are several online video hosting services, including YouTube, as well as Vimeo, Twitch, and Youku. In recent years, the platform of internet video has been used to stream live events. As a result of the popularity of online video, notable events like the 2012 U.S. presidential debates have been streamed live on the internet.
Streaming televisionStreaming television is the digital distribution of television content, such as television shows and films, as streaming media delivered over the Internet. Streaming television stands in contrast to dedicated terrestrial television delivered by over-the-air aerial systems, cable television, and/or satellite television systems.
Multimédiathumb|Exposition multimédia pour les deux cents ans de l'Arc de triomphe, à Paris. Le terme multimédia trouve ses origines au début du chez les surréalistes et le mouvement Bauhaus notamment. À cette époque, il désigne des œuvres ou des performances associant plusieurs média. Il s'agit alors plus d'un concept et d'une réflexion sur l'évolution des médias.
Accélération matérielleL'accélération matérielle consiste à confier une fonction spécifique effectuée par le processeur à un circuit intégré dédié qui effectuera cette fonction de façon plus efficace. Pendant longtemps, les calculs effectués par les ordinateurs grand public étaient entièrement pris en charge par le processeur central (CPU). Or, ce processeur s'avérait insuffisant dans un certain nombre de domaines. On eut l'idée de créer des circuits plus efficaces que le processeur pour ces tâches afin de le décharger.
Computer and network surveillanceComputer and network surveillance is the monitoring of computer activity and data stored locally on a computer or data being transferred over computer networks such as the Internet. This monitoring is often carried out covertly and may be completed by governments, corporations, criminal organizations, or individuals. It may or may not be legal and may or may not require authorization from a court or other independent government agencies. Computer and network surveillance programs are widespread today and almost all Internet traffic can be monitored.
