Group emotionGroup emotion refers to the moods, emotions and dispositional affects of a group of people. It can be seen as either an emotional entity influencing individual members' emotional states (top down) or the sum of the individuals' emotional states (bottom up). This view sees the group's dynamic processes as responsible for an elusive feeling state which influences the members' feelings and behavior. This view, that groups have an existence as entities beyond the characters that comprise them, has several angles.
Emotion and memoryEmotion can have a powerful effect on humans and animals. Numerous studies have shown that the most vivid autobiographical memories tend to be of emotional events, which are likely to be recalled more often and with more clarity and detail than neutral events. The activity of emotionally enhanced memory retention can be linked to human evolution; during early development, responsive behavior to environmental events would have progressed as a process of trial and error.
Neurosciencesthumb|250px|Dessin de neurones du cervelet de pigeon par Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1899). Les neurosciences sont les études scientifiques du système nerveux, tant du point de vue de sa structure que de son fonctionnement, depuis l'échelle moléculaire jusqu'au niveau des organes, comme le cerveau, voire de l'organisme tout entier. Le champ de la recherche en neurosciences est un champ transdisciplinaire : la biologie, la chimie, les mathématiques, la bio-informatique ainsi que la neuropsychologie sont utilisées en neurosciences.
Affective neuroscienceAffective neuroscience is the study of how the brain processes emotions. This field combines neuroscience with the psychological study of personality, emotion, and mood. The basis of emotions and what emotions are remains an issue of debate within the field of affective neuroscience. The term "affective neuroscience" was coined by neuroscientist Jaak Panksepp, at a time when cognitive neuroscience focused on parts of psychology that did not include emotion, such as attention or memory.
Engineer's degreeAn engineer's degree is an advanced academic degree in engineering which is conferred in Europe, some countries of Latin America, North Africa and a few institutions in the United States. The degree may require a thesis but always requires a non-abstract project. Through the Canadian Engineering Accreditation Board (CEAB), Engineers Canada accredits Canadian undergraduate engineering programs that meet the standards of the profession.
AmbivalenceLe terme a été repris en 1910 par Eugen Bleuler pour caractériser un aspect de l'état psychique des schizophrènes. Il a été introduit par Sigmund Freud dans une acception différente : il s'agit de la juxtaposition plus ou moins simultanée de deux affects : l'amour et la haine. C'est à partir de là que ce terme a recouvert un concept psychanalytique qui, curieusement par rapport à Bleuler, s'applique à des organisations névrotiques et qu'on distingue de la paradoxalité (Racamier), de la divalence et de l'ambiguïté (Bleger).
Muscles faciauxthumb|Vue latérale de la tête Les muscles faciaux (ou muscles du visage) sont un groupe de muscles striés innervés par le nerf facial (nerf crânien VII) qui, entre autres choses, contrôlent les expressions faciales. Ces muscles sont également appelés muscles mimétiques. Les muscles faciaux sont des muscles sous-cutanés (situés juste sous la peau) qui contrôlent les expressions faciales. Les muscles faciaux sont innervés par le nerf facial (nerf crânien VII).
