Maximum a posterioriL'estimateur du maximum a posteriori (MAP), tout comme la méthode du maximum de vraisemblance, est une méthode pouvant être utilisée afin d'estimer un certain nombre de paramètres inconnus, comme les paramètres d'une densité de probabilité, reliés à un échantillon donné. Cette méthode est très liée au maximum de vraisemblance mais en diffère toutefois par la possibilité de prendre en compte un a priori non uniforme sur les paramètres à estimer.
Computational electromagneticsComputational electromagnetics (CEM), computational electrodynamics or electromagnetic modeling is the process of modeling the interaction of electromagnetic fields with physical objects and the environment. It typically involves using computer programs to compute approximate solutions to Maxwell's equations to calculate antenna performance, electromagnetic compatibility, radar cross section and electromagnetic wave propagation when not in free space.
Discrete dipole approximationDiscrete dipole approximation (DDA), also known as coupled dipole approximation, is a method for computing scattering of radiation by particles of arbitrary shape and by periodic structures. Given a target of arbitrary geometry, one seeks to calculate its scattering and absorption properties by an approximation of the continuum target by a finite array of small polarizable dipoles. This technique is used in a variety of applications including nanophotonics, radar scattering, aerosol physics and astrophysics.
Opérateur laplacienL'opérateur laplacien, ou simplement le laplacien, est l'opérateur différentiel défini par l'application de l'opérateur gradient suivie de l'application de l'opérateur divergence : Intuitivement, il combine et relie la description statique d'un champ (décrit par son gradient) aux effets dynamiques (la divergence) de ce champ dans l'espace et le temps. C'est l'exemple le plus simple et le plus répandu d'opérateur elliptique.
Point estimationIn statistics, point estimation involves the use of sample data to calculate a single value (known as a point estimate since it identifies a point in some parameter space) which is to serve as a "best guess" or "best estimate" of an unknown population parameter (for example, the population mean). More formally, it is the application of a point estimator to the data to obtain a point estimate. Point estimation can be contrasted with interval estimation: such interval estimates are typically either confidence intervals, in the case of frequentist inference, or credible intervals, in the case of Bayesian inference.
Geometry processingGeometry processing, or mesh processing, is an area of research that uses concepts from applied mathematics, computer science and engineering to design efficient algorithms for the acquisition, reconstruction, analysis, manipulation, simulation and transmission of complex 3D models. As the name implies, many of the concepts, data structures, and algorithms are directly analogous to signal processing and .
Mesh generationMesh generation is the practice of creating a mesh, a subdivision of a continuous geometric space into discrete geometric and topological cells. Often these cells form a simplicial complex. Usually the cells partition the geometric input domain. Mesh cells are used as discrete local approximations of the larger domain. Meshes are created by computer algorithms, often with human guidance through a GUI , depending on the complexity of the domain and the type of mesh desired.
Physical propertyA physical property is any property that is measurable, involved in the state of a physical system, whose value represents the intensity on the object's state and behavior. The changes in the physical properties of a system can be used to describe its changes between momentary states. A quantifiable physical property is called physical quantity. Measurable physical quantities are often referred to as observables. Physical properties are often characterized as intensive and extensive properties.
Équation de LaplaceEn analyse vectorielle, l'équation de Laplace est une équation aux dérivées partielles elliptique du second ordre, dont le nom est un hommage au physicien mathématicien Pierre-Simon de Laplace. Introduite pour les besoins de la mécanique newtonienne, l'équation de Laplace apparaît dans de nombreuses autres branches de la physique théorique : astronomie, électrostatique, mécanique des fluides, propagation de la chaleur, diffusion, mouvement brownien, mécanique quantique.
Computational engineeringComputational Engineering is an emerging discipline that deals with the development and application of computational models for engineering, known as Computational Engineering Models or CEM. At this time, various different approaches are summarized under the term Computational Engineering, including using computational geometry and virtual design for engineering tasks, often coupled with a simulation-driven approach In Computational Engineering, algorithms solve mathematical and logical models that describe engineering challenges, sometimes coupled with some aspect of AI, specifically Reinforcement Learning.
Transformation de LaplaceEn mathématiques, la transformation de Laplace est une transformation intégrale qui à une fonction f — définie sur les réels positifs et à valeurs réelles — associe une nouvelle fonction F — définie sur les complexes et à valeurs complexes — dite transformée de Laplace de f. L'intérêt de la transformation de Laplace vient de la conjonction des deux faits suivants : De nombreuses opérations courantes sur la fonction originale f se traduisent par une opération algébrique sur la transformée F.
Résidu (statistiques)In statistics and optimization, errors and residuals are two closely related and easily confused measures of the deviation of an observed value of an element of a statistical sample from its "true value" (not necessarily observable). The error of an observation is the deviation of the observed value from the true value of a quantity of interest (for example, a population mean). The residual is the difference between the observed value and the estimated value of the quantity of interest (for example, a sample mean).
