Modelling historical masonry aggregates using the Equivalent Frame approach

Many historical centres in Europe, including the city centre of Zagreb, feature masonry building aggregates, which developed as the building layout of the city was densified. Adjacent buildings in aggregates often share a structural wall and the building that was constructed second connects to the wall of the first building through a dry joint. When compared to the response of single freestanding buildings, several factors make the seismic response of masonry building aggregates more complex: It is not unusual for adjacent units to have different material properties, area and distribution of openings, roof and floor heights and orientations, and construction details.