Axe intestin-cerveauvignette|L'axe intestin-cerveau est la relation entre le tractus gastro-intestinal et la fonction et le développement du cerveau. L'axe intestin-cerveau est la signalisation biochimique qui se produit entre le tractus gastro-intestinal et le système nerveux central (SNC). Le terme "axe intestin-cerveau" est parfois utilisé pour désigner le rôle du microbiote intestinal dans l'interaction, alors que le terme "axe microbiote-intestin-cerveau" inclut explicitement le rôle de la flore intestinale dans les événements de signalisation biochimique qui ont lieu entre le tractus gastro-intestinal et le SNC.
Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axisThe hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis or HTPA axis) is a complex set of direct influences and feedback interactions among three components: the hypothalamus (a part of the brain located below the thalamus), the pituitary gland (a pea-shaped structure located below the hypothalamus), and the adrenal (also called "suprarenal") glands (small, conical organs on top of the kidneys). These organs and their interactions constitute the HPA axis.
SocialitéLa socialité désigne la tendance d'une population animale à vivre en groupe. Il en existe plusieurs niveaux, allant jusqu'à la formation de sociétés animales. Comme dans tout procédé évolutif, il existe une certaine variabilité de caractères entre les individus d'une population. Lorsque certains d'entre eux affectent de manière positive la fitness, c'est-à-dire la valeur reproductive, de ceux-ci, ces caractères prendront une part relative plus importante au sein de la population et seront transmis aux descendants, selon la sélection naturelle.
Acquired brain injuryAcquired brain injury (ABI) is brain damage caused by events after birth, rather than as part of a genetic or congenital disorder such as fetal alcohol syndrome, perinatal illness or perinatal hypoxia. ABI can result in cognitive, physical, emotional, or behavioural impairments that lead to permanent or temporary changes in functioning. These impairments result from either traumatic brain injury (e.g. physical trauma due to accidents, assaults, neurosurgery, head injury etc.
Fixed effects modelIn statistics, a fixed effects model is a statistical model in which the model parameters are fixed or non-random quantities. This is in contrast to random effects models and mixed models in which all or some of the model parameters are random variables. In many applications including econometrics and biostatistics a fixed effects model refers to a regression model in which the group means are fixed (non-random) as opposed to a random effects model in which the group means are a random sample from a population.
Social stressSocial stress is stress that stems from one's relationships with others and from the social environment in general. Based on the appraisal theory of emotion, stress arises when a person evaluates a situation as personally relevant and perceives that they do not have the resources to cope or handle the specific situation. The activation of social stress does not necessarily have to occur linked to a specific event, the mere idea that the event may occur could trigger it.
