Topologie meshLe réseau maillé (ou maillage en réseau) est une topologie de réseau (filaire et sans fil) où tous les hôtes sont connectés pair à pair sans hiérarchie centrale, formant ainsi une structure en forme de filet. Par conséquent, chaque nœud doit recevoir, envoyer et relayer les données. Ceci évite d'avoir des points névralgiques qui, s'ils tombent en panne, isolent une partie du réseau. Si un hôte est hors service, les données empruntent une route alternative.
Vidéothumb|Réalisateur vidéo Le terme vidéo désigne à la fois l'ensemble des techniques permettant la constitution d'un signal électrique représentant des s animées et la restitution de celles-ci ainsi que ce signal lui-même. Le signal vidéo se caractérise par différents paramètres normalisés : cadence image / trame, résolution, standard couleur éventuellement associé, composition analogique ou numérique, format d'image, données associées... Le mot « vidéo » provient du latin « video » signifiant « je vois », apocope de vidéophonie ou de vidéogramme.
Digital videoDigital video is an electronic representation of moving visual images (video) in the form of encoded digital data. This is in contrast to analog video, which represents moving visual images in the form of analog signals. Digital video comprises a series of s displayed in rapid succession, usually at 24, 30, or 60 frames per second. Digital video has many advantages such as easy copying, multicasting, sharing and storage. Digital video was first introduced commercially in 1986 with the Sony D1 format, which recorded an uncompressed standard-definition component video signal in digital form.
Streaming televisionStreaming television is the digital distribution of television content, such as television shows and films, as streaming media delivered over the Internet. Streaming television stands in contrast to dedicated terrestrial television delivered by over-the-air aerial systems, cable television, and/or satellite television systems.
Channel access methodIn telecommunications and computer networks, a channel access method or multiple access method allows more than two terminals connected to the same transmission medium to transmit over it and to share its capacity. Examples of shared physical media are wireless networks, bus networks, ring networks and point-to-point links operating in half-duplex mode. A channel access method is based on multiplexing, that allows several data streams or signals to share the same communication channel or transmission medium.
Adaptive bitrate streamingAdaptive bitrate streaming is a technique used in streaming multimedia over computer networks. While in the past most video or audio streaming technologies utilized streaming protocols such as RTP with RTSP, today's adaptive streaming technologies are based almost exclusively on HTTP, and are designed to work efficiently over large distributed HTTP networks. Adaptive bitrate streaming works by detecting a user's bandwidth and CPU capacity in real time, adjusting the quality of the media stream accordingly.
Video codecA video codec is software or hardware that compresses and decompresses digital video. In the context of video compression, codec is a portmanteau of encoder and decoder, while a device that only compresses is typically called an encoder, and one that only decompresses is a decoder. The compressed data format usually conforms to a standard video coding format. The compression is typically lossy, meaning that the compressed video lacks some information present in the original video.
Perte de paquetsLa perte de paquets se produit lorsqu'un ou plusieurs paquets de données transitant par un réseau informatique n'arrivent pas à destination. La perte de paquets est causée soit par des erreurs de transmission de données, généralement sur des réseaux sans fil soit par une congestion du réseau. La perte de paquets est mesurée en pourcentage des paquets perdus par rapport aux paquets envoyés. Le protocole de transmission de données informatiques (TCP en anglais) détecte la perte de paquets et effectue des retransmissions pour assurer une messagerie fiable .
Subjective video qualitySubjective video quality is video quality as experienced by humans. It is concerned with how video is perceived by a viewer (also called "observer" or "subject") and designates their opinion on a particular video sequence. It is related to the field of Quality of Experience. Measuring subjective video quality is necessary because objective quality assessment algorithms such as PSNR have been shown to correlate poorly with subjective ratings. Subjective ratings may also be used as ground truth to develop new algorithms.
Concatenated error correction codeIn coding theory, concatenated codes form a class of error-correcting codes that are derived by combining an inner code and an outer code. They were conceived in 1966 by Dave Forney as a solution to the problem of finding a code that has both exponentially decreasing error probability with increasing block length and polynomial-time decoding complexity. Concatenated codes became widely used in space communications in the 1970s.
Réseau tolérant aux délaisLes réseaux tolérants aux délais (en anglais, delay-tolerant networking ou DTN) sont des réseaux informatiques conçus pour supporter des latences de plusieurs minutes. Ils sont dès lors utiles pour fonctionner sur de très longues distances comme pour des télécommunications spatiales pour lesquels la latence atteint parfois des heures, voire des jours. De tels réseaux peuvent également s'avérer utiles lorsque l’interférence est extrême ou bien les ressources sont surchargées.
Viterbi decoderA Viterbi decoder uses the Viterbi algorithm for decoding a bitstream that has been encoded using a convolutional code or trellis code. There are other algorithms for decoding a convolutionally encoded stream (for example, the Fano algorithm). The Viterbi algorithm is the most resource-consuming, but it does the maximum likelihood decoding. It is most often used for decoding convolutional codes with constraint lengths k≤3, but values up to k=15 are used in practice. Viterbi decoding was developed by Andrew J.
