Promoteur (biologie)Un promoteur, ou séquence promotrice, est une région de l'ADN située à proximité d'un gène et indispensable à la transcription de l'ADN en ARN. Le promoteur est la zone de l'ADN sur laquelle se fixe initialement l'ARN polymérase, avant de démarrer la synthèse de l'ARN. Les séquences promotrices sont en général situées en amont du site de démarrage de la transcription. Un promoteur est aussi constitué de plusieurs séquences régulatrices de l'expression du gène, soit spécifiques à un tissu ou groupe de tissus, soit ubiquitaires, c'est-à-dire les mêmes pour tous les tissus.
De novo synthesisIn chemistry, de novo synthesis () refers to the synthesis of complex molecules from simple molecules such as sugars or amino acids, as opposed to recycling after partial degradation. For example, nucleotides are not needed in the diet as they can be constructed from small precursor molecules such as formate and aspartate. Methionine, on the other hand, is needed in the diet because while it can be degraded to and then regenerated from homocysteine, it cannot be synthesized de novo.
Stanol esterStanol esters is a heterogeneous group of chemical compounds known to reduce the level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in blood when ingested, though to a much lesser degree than prescription drugs such as statins. The starting material is phytosterols from plants. These are first hydrogenated to give a plant stanol which is then esterified with a mixture of fatty acids also derived from plants. Plant stanol esters are found naturally occurring in small quantities in fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, cereals, legumes, and vegetable oils.
CREB-binding protein'CREB-binding protein', also known as CREBBP or CBP or KAT3A, (where CREB is cAMP response element-binding protein) is a coactivator encoded by the CREBBP gene in humans, located on chromosome 16p13.3. CBP has intrinsic acetyltransferase functions; it is able to add acetyl groups to both transcription factors as well as histone lysines, the latter of which has been shown to alter chromatin structure making genes more accessible for transcription. This relatively unique acetyltransferase activity is also seen in another transcription enzyme, EP300 (p300).
