UncertaintyUncertainty refers to epistemic situations involving imperfect or unknown information. It applies to predictions of future events, to physical measurements that are already made, or to the unknown. Uncertainty arises in partially observable or stochastic environments, as well as due to ignorance, indolence, or both. It arises in any number of fields, including insurance, philosophy, physics, statistics, economics, finance, medicine, psychology, sociology, engineering, metrology, meteorology, ecology and information science.
Cannelure (architecture)En architecture, les cannelures sont des sillons, ou des moulures verticales, réalisés sur le fût d'une colonne. Selon Vitruve, elles auraient pour origine les plis des vêtements féminins grecs. Dans le style classique, les cannelures sont utilisées dans les ordres dorique, ionique et corinthien, mais pas dans l'ordre toscan où les colonnes peuvent, en revanche, être ornées de bossages. Les cannelures ont un profil en demi-cercle ou arc de cercle et sont séparées par des moulures à profil en demi-rectangle (listels).
Shear wallIn structural engineering, a shear wall is a two-dimensional vertical element of a system that is designed to resist in-plane lateral forces, typically wind and seismic loads. A shear wall resists loads parallel to the plane of the wall. Collectors, also known as drag members, transfer the diaphragm shear to shear walls and other vertical elements of the seismic force resisting system. Shear walls are typically light-framed or braced wooden walls with thin shear-resisting panels on the framing surface, or are reinforced concrete walls, reinforced masonry walls, or steel plates.
