Syndrome du cerveau scindéLe syndrome du cerveau scindé ou divisé ou callosum (en anglais split-brain) est un syndrome résultant de la déconnexion des deux hémisphères. La raison est l'absence de corps calleux à la naissance (malformation congénitale) ou la conséquence de sa destruction accidentelle ou chirurgicale. Le corps calleux relie les deux hémisphères du cerveau. L'association de symptômes est produite par la perturbation ou l'interférence de la connexion entre les hémisphères du cerveau.
N170The N170 is a component of the event-related potential (ERP) that reflects the neural processing of faces, familiar objects or words. Furthermore, the N170 is modulated by prediction error processes. When potentials evoked by images of faces are compared to those elicited by other visual stimuli, the former show increased negativity 130-200 ms after stimulus presentation. This response is maximal over occipito-temporal electrode sites, which is consistent with a source located at the fusiform and inferior-temporal gyri, confirmed by electrocorticography.
Négativité de discordanceThe mismatch negativity (MMN) or mismatch field (MMF) is a component of the event-related potential (ERP) to an odd stimulus in a sequence of stimuli. It arises from electrical activity in the brain and is studied within the field of cognitive neuroscience and psychology. It can occur in any sensory system, but has most frequently been studied for hearing and for vision, in which case it is abbreviated to vMMN. The (v)MMN occurs after an infrequent change in a repetitive sequence of stimuli (sometimes the entire sequence is called an oddball sequence.
Lésion cérébraleUne lésion cérébrale est une lésion qui touche le cerveau. En général, il s'agit d'une destruction plus ou moins étendue du tissu nerveux entraînant un déficit dans la perception, la cognition, la sensibilité ou la motricité en fonction du rôle que jouait la région atteinte dans l'architecture neurocognitive. Cette lésion peut être de nature diverse : ischémique, hémorragique, compressive par un processus extensif de type tumoral ou un hématome.
Models of neural computationModels of neural computation are attempts to elucidate, in an abstract and mathematical fashion, the core principles that underlie information processing in biological nervous systems, or functional components thereof. This article aims to provide an overview of the most definitive models of neuro-biological computation as well as the tools commonly used to construct and analyze them.
