Marine coastal ecosystemA marine coastal ecosystem is a marine ecosystem which occurs where the land meets the ocean. Marine coastal ecosystems include many very different types of marine habitats, each with their own characteristics and species composition. They are characterized by high levels of biodiversity and productivity. For example, estuaries are areas where freshwater rivers meet the saltwater of the ocean, creating an environment that is home to a wide variety of species, including fish, shellfish, and birds.
Fluvial processesIn geography and geology, fluvial processes are associated with rivers and streams and the deposits and landforms created by them. When the stream or rivers are associated with glaciers, ice sheets, or ice caps, the term glaciofluvial or fluvioglacial is used. Fluvial processes include the motion of sediment and erosion or deposition on the river bed. The movement of water across the stream bed exerts a shear stress directly onto the bed.
Kuroshiovignette|Les courants entourant le Japon : 1. Kuroshio 2. extension du Kuroshio 3. contre courant du Kuroshio 4. courant de Tsushima 5. courant Tsugaru 6. courant de Sōya 7. Oya shivo 8. courant de Liman. Le courant de Kuroshio, en japonais , anciennement orthographié Kuroshiwo ou Kuro shivo, est le second plus grand courant marin au monde, après le Gulf Stream. Il débute dans l'ouest de l'océan Pacifique au large de la côte orientale de Taïwan et se dirige vers les eaux au nord-est du Japon où il fusionne avec la dérive orientale du courant du Pacifique nord.
Coastal sediment supplyCoastal sediment supply is the transport of sediment to the beach environment by both fluvial and aeolian transport. While aeolian transport plays a role in the overall sedimentary budget for the coastal environment, it is paled in comparison to the fluvial supply which makes up 95% of sediment entering the ocean. When sediment reaches the coast it is then entrained by longshore drift and littoral cells until it is accreted upon the beach or dunes. While it is acknowledged that storm systems are the driver behind coastal erosion.
Pelagic sedimentPelagic sediment or pelagite is a fine-grained sediment that accumulates as the result of the settling of particles to the floor of the open ocean, far from land. These particles consist primarily of either the microscopic, calcareous or siliceous shells of phytoplankton or zooplankton; clay-size siliciclastic sediment; or some mixture of these. Trace amounts of meteoric dust and variable amounts of volcanic ash also occur within pelagic sediments.
Jersey Shore (New Jersey)Le Jersey Shore est une région côtière américaine qui s'étend le long de la côte atlantique du New Jersey. Le Jersey Shore s'étend sur environ , de la péninsule de Sandy Hook au cape May. Il comprend tout ou partie des comtés de Middlesex, Monmouth, Ocean, Atlantic et Cape May. vignette|gauche|Le front de mer d'Atlantic City vers 1900. Avant l'arrivée des Européens, la région est habitée par les Lenapes (ou Delawares). Giovanni da Verrazzano atteint Sandy Hook en 1524, devenant le premier Européen à atteindre les côtes du futur New Jersey.
Sea surface microlayerThe sea surface microlayer (SML) is the boundary interface between the atmosphere and ocean, covering about 70% of Earth's surface. With an operationally defined thickness between 1 and , the SML has physicochemical and biological properties that are measurably distinct from underlying waters. Recent studies now indicate that the SML covers the ocean to a significant extent, and evidence shows that it is an aggregate-enriched biofilm environment with distinct microbial communities.
Flow velocityIn continuum mechanics the flow velocity in fluid dynamics, also macroscopic velocity in statistical mechanics, or drift velocity in electromagnetism, is a vector field used to mathematically describe the motion of a continuum. The length of the flow velocity vector is the flow speed and is a scalar. It is also called velocity field; when evaluated along a line, it is called a velocity profile (as in, e.g., law of the wall).
Dépôt (géologie)Deposition is the geological process in which sediments, soil and rocks are added to a landform or landmass. Wind, ice, water, and gravity transport previously weathered surface material, which, at the loss of enough kinetic energy in the fluid, is deposited, building up layers of sediment. This thing occurs occurs when the forces responsible for sediment transportation are no longer sufficient to overcome the forces of gravity and friction, creating a resistance to motion; this is known as the null-point hypothesis.
Océanvignette|Animation montrant les découpages possibles en 5, 4, 3 ou 1 seul océan(s). vignette|Le grand océan planétaire, mis en valeur par la projection de Fuller. Un océan est souvent défini, en géographie, comme une vaste étendue d'eau salée comprise entre deux continents. En fait, il s'agit plutôt d'un volume, dont l'eau est en permanence brassée par des courants marins. Approximativement 70,8 % de la surface de la Terre est recouverte par l'océan mondial, communément divisé en cinq océans et en plusieurs dizaines de mers.
Ocean temperatureThe ocean temperature varies by depth, geographical location and season. Both the temperature and salinity of ocean water differs. Warm surface water is generally saltier than the cooler deep or polar waters; in polar regions, the upper layers of ocean water are cold and fresh. Deep ocean water is cold, salty water found deep below the surface of Earth's oceans. This water has a very uniform temperature, around 0-3 °C. The ocean temperature also depends on the amount of solar radiation falling on its surface.
Calorimétrie différentielle à balayagevignette|Un calorimètre différentiel à balayage. La calorimétrie différentielle à balayage (en anglais, Differential Scanning Calorimetry ou DSC) est une technique d'analyse thermique. Elle mesure les différences des échanges de chaleur entre un échantillon à analyser et une référence (par exemple l'alumine ou encore l'air). Elle permet de déterminer les transitions de phase : la température de transition vitreuse (T) des matériaux amorphes : polymères, verres (Inorganiques, organiques ou métalliques) et des liquides ioniques ; les températures de fusion et de cristallisation ; les enthalpies de réaction, pour connaître les taux de réticulation de certains polymères.
